吉林大学食品生物化学4.核酸结构和性质试题.ppt

Nucleic acids History of DNA Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids DNA Structure Nucleic Acid Properties History of Nucleic Acids History of DNA 1869 DNA was first identified by Friedrich Miescher, a Swiss biologist. He called the substance nuclein, noted the presence of phosphorous, and separated the substance into an acidic part (which we now know is DNA) and a basic part (a class of basic proteins that bind to basic DNA). 1889 – The term “nucleic acid” was first used by Richard Altmann, a German pathologist and histologist. Friedrich Miescher Friedrich Miescher (Swiss, 1844-1895) Intelligent from early age but very shy Studied at the University of Tübingen (图宾根大学 )under Hoppe-Seyler, considered the father of biochemistry Friedrich Miescher’s discovery He examined used bandages obtained from a hospital caring for the wounded of the Crimean War (克里米亚战争) in hope of finding something interesting He discovered a substance containing both phosphorus and nitrogen, made up of molecules that were apparently very large, in the nuclei of white blood cells found in pus Named the substance nuclein because it seemed to come from cell nuclei. In 1874 when Miescher separated it into a protein and an acid molecule. It is now known as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Hoppe-Seyler This substance was so unusual that Hoppe-Seyler repeated the work himself before allowing Miescher to publish the paper on the discovery He found an excellent (and more pleasant) source of nuclear material in the sperm of the salmon The nuclei are large in any sperm cells, remarkably so in the salmon’s From these he first extracted a pure DNA Tetranucleotide Hypothesis Phoebus Levene (Russian-American, 1869-1940) (sugar in DNA and chemical bond) He worked with Albrecht Kossel (base, Nobel Prize) and Emil Fischer, the nucleic acid and protein experts at the turn of the 20th. century Frederick Griffith In 1928,? Griffiths experiment involved mice and two types of pneumonia, a