[静止土压力].docVIP

Chapter 6 Lateral Earth Pressure (Part 1) 6.1 Earth Pressure at rest [静止土压力] (Ko) Consider the wall shown in Figure 6.1. Assume there is no ground water table. If no movement of the wall takes place, the soil is at rest. The lateral earth pressure at-rest [静止土压力] (eo) acting on a soil element located at a depth of z is: (6.1) where Ko is coefficient of earth pressure at-rest [静止土压力系数] and ( is unit weight of soil. Ko is the ratio of horizontal and vertical effective stresses when a retaining wall does not move at all or “at rest”. (iii) Jaky (1944) proposed the following empirical expression to estimate Ko for normally consolidated soil [正常固结土]: (6.2) where (’ is effective angle of internal friction [有效內摩擦角]. (iv) The lateral earth pressure varies linearly with depth. The total lateral force per unit length (Eo) imposed on a retaining wall is: (6.3) where H is height of the wall and Eo is acting at H/3 from the bottom of the wall.  6.2 Rankine’s Earth Pressure Theory [朗肯土压力理论] The following assumptions are made to develop the Rankine’s earth pressure theory: The wall is rigid, vertical, frictionless and extends to an infinite depth The backfill is a dry, homogeneous, isotropic and cohesionless soil mass The soil surface is horizontal and there are no shear stresses on horizontal and vertical planes, i.e. the horizontal and vertical stresses are principal stresses. 6.2.1 Active Earth Pressure [主动土压力] (i) If the wall is moved away from the backfill (AB to A’B in Figure 6.2), the effective horizontal stress will reduce but the effective vertical stress will remain constant. (ii) Therefore, the Mohr’s circle will expand as shown in Figure 6.3 until touching the Mohr-Coulomb failure surface and the soil elements will undergo active failure [主动破坏]. (iii) The slip planes for active failure are inclined at 45(+(’/2 with respect to the horizontal. The active earth pressure [主动土压力] (ea) acting on a soil element located at