dingmingjie--coalchemistry-chapter5.ppt

08-06-06 Chapter 5Mineral matter in coal Prelude and origin Mineral matters in coals: ash-forming（成灰的） materials/inorganic matters in coals. It is now considered essential that the nature of the mineral constituents of coal be more thoroughly understood in order to evaluate（评价） the nature of the inorganic materials, e.g., fly ash and discharge（飞灰和有排除）, produced when coal is employed（用作） as a fuel or feedstock（给料，原料）. Contents for today Mineral matters in coals Origins of minerals Mineral types Evaluation methods Mineral types A. Clay Minerals (Aluminosilicates) 粘土矿物（铝硅酸盐） B. Quartz (Silica) 　石英（硅石） C. Carbonate Minerals 　碳酸盐矿物质 D. Sulfur (Sulfide and Sulfate) Minerals 　硫（硫化物和硫酸盐）矿物质 C. Carbonate Minerals Sulfur Minerals Evaluation of mineral matter in coal By ashing techniques By ash analysis By direct mineral analysis By ash technique To detect the ash content of coal This technique is commonly to make a coal completely combusted (燃烧) at quite a high temperature by using a special device (a muffle furnace), then to weigh (称量) the residue (残渣), i.e., the ash (灰分), and to use the ash content as an indication to the minerals in the coal. By ash analysis Summary Mineral matters in coals Origins of minerals Mineral types Evaluation methods By Ding Ming-jie Department of Chemical Engineering In August 2009 Line 7, Paragraph 3, page 115 Two origins: Coal mineral matter originate from the inorganic constituents of the vegetation（植物） which acted as （担当）the precursor to coal and from the mineral matter that was transported （传输）to the coal bed from a remote site（远处的地方）. Mineral matters in coal has often (but misleadingly（易引起误解地）) been classified as inherent （内在的，固有的）and extraneous （外来的，外源的） mineral matters. Paragraph 4, page 116 Origin of minerals in coals The inherent mineral is defined as （定义为） that mineral matter which had its origin in the organic constituents of the plant giving rise to （引起，使发生） the coal bed but the extraneo