DAppDataE-centurySourceAttachmentsDocs生態工法模式之建立.zip.doc

野火影響環山地區植群之研究 Studies on the effects of wildfires on the vegetation at Fansan area 陳明義(1) 施纓煜(1) Ming-Yih Chen(1) Ying-Yu Shih(1) 1. 國立中興大學植物學系，台中市402國光路250號。 1. Department of Botany, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, Republic of China. 摘 要 追蹤火燒存活木的年輪得知，環山地區的台灣二葉松林在近廿年間至少曾發生3次林火。最近一次火燒發生於1995年12月，不具萌櫱能力的台灣二葉松平均致死率為73.1%；闊葉樹大多由地際再萌櫱，僅1.6%死亡。火燒後的上木組成隨火燒強度及原植群類型而不同；地被雖隨上木組成及海拔高而有些許差異，然皆以高山芒及巒大蕨最為優勢，其中巒大蕨具明顯的季節性消長。火燒後台灣二葉松之天然下種量，可能與種子來源有關；幼苗的萌發及死亡與月降水量、微環境等有關。本區若長期不再發生火燒，海拔較低的地區，台灣二葉松終將被殼斗科及樟科等闊葉樹所取代；海拔較高的地區，可能演替為針闊葉樹混交林。唯未來人為干擾可能更為頻繁，火燒週期或將縮短，而使本區淪為草生地。 關鍵字：環山、台灣二葉松、林火 Abstract Based on dendrochronological studies of fire-scarred trees, there were at least 3 fires at Taiwan red pine (Pinus taiwanensis) forest in Fansan during the past 20 years. 73.1% of Taiwan red pine were completely killed by the last fire in December of 1995. Most hardwoods, however, sprouted from the base. Only 1.6% were completely killed. The postfire canopy composition was related with fire intensity and original vegetation type. After burning, Miscanthus transmorrisonensis and Pteridium aquilinum subsp. wightianum were dominant ground cover, but Pteridium aquilinum subsp. wightianum showed seasonal fluctuation. Postfire regeneration of Taiwan red pine was related with seed source. The germination and mortality of Taiwan red pine seedlings were related with microenvironment and monthly rainfall. If there is no more fire in this area, the vegetation will succeed to hardwood forest at lower elevation or to hardwood-conifer mixed forest at higher elevation. However, more frequent fires are probably inevitable. Thus all this area may eventually change to grasslands. KEYWORDS: Fansan, Taiwan red pine, fire 一、前 言 野火是森林生態系的一項重要干擾因子。台灣地區的林火大多是人為活動所引起，大甲溪上游流域林火發生尤為頻繁。大甲溪上游多為台灣二葉松林，台灣二葉松為火災適存樹種，因其易燃性、枯枝葉腐化緩慢、易累積燃料等因素，而引發週期性火燒。隨著社會經濟的快速變遷以及全球氣候的變化，未來的環境將更有利於林火發生，因此對於林火所產生的問題值得加以重視，特別是在國家公園地區。 雪霸國家公園環山地區之台灣二葉松林，為台灣省林務局於1968至1975年間，配合聯合國補助之林相變更計畫劃所栽植，後歷經多次火燒及復舊造林。最近曾