Safetygram-6安全程序-6.docVIP

Safetygram-6安全程序-6 Liquid Oxygen液态氧 General概述 Oxygen is the second largest component of the atmosphere, comprising 20.8% by volume. Liquid oxygen is pale blue and extremely cold. Although nonflammable, oxygen is a strong oxidizer. Oxygen is necessary to support life. 氧是空气的第二大组成成分，体积占20.8%。液态氧是淡蓝色，温度很低。尽管不可燃，氧是一种强氧化剂。氧是维持生命的必要元素。 Oxygen will react with nearly all organic materials and metals usually forming an oxide. Materials that burn in air will burn more vigorously in oxygen. Equipment used in oxygen service must meet stringent cleaning requirements and systems must be constructed of materials that have high ignition temperatures and that are non reactive with oxygen under the service conditions. Vessels should be manufactured to American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) codes and designed to withstand the process temperatures and pressures. 氧几乎同所有的有机材料和金属发生反应。在空气中容易燃烧的材料在氧气中会燃烧得更加剧烈。氧气设施中使用的设备必须满足严格的清洁要求；系统必须采用具有高点火温度且在使用条件下同氧不反应的材料建造。容器的制造要满足美国机械工程师协会（ASME）的标准，容器的设计要使之能经受住有关的温度和压力。 Liquid oxygen is a cryogenic liquid. Cryogenic liquids are liquefied gases that have a normal boiling point below –238°F (–150°C). Liquid oxygen has a boiling point of –297.3°F(–183.0°C). 液态氧是低温液体。低温液体是沸点温度一般在–238°F (–150°C)以下的液化气体。液氧的沸点是–297.3°F(–183.0°C)。 Because the temperature difference between the product and the surrounding environment is substantial—even in the winter—keeping liquid oxygen insulated from the surrounding heat is essential. The product also requires special equipment for handling and storage. 因为产品和周围环境的温差即使是在冬天也非常大，保持液氧和周围环境隔离是很重要的。产品还要求专门的使用和储存设备。 Oxygen is often stored as a liquid, although it is used primarily as a gas. Liquid storage is less bulky and less costly than the equivalent capacity of high-pressure gaseous storage. A typical storage system consists of a cryogenic storage tank, one or more vaporizers, a pressure control system, and all piping necessary for the fill, vaporization, and supply functions. The cryogenic tank is constructed, in p