CLIMATE AND LAND USE CHANGE IN PACIFIC MESOAMERICA.ppt

Tempisque basin rice fields * * * * * * * * * * * * Questions for the cazadorcita? How will warming of the boreal climate affect spruce budworm populations and bird breeding success? How will this affect coffee farm pest populations? Can V. perigrina in Costa Rica be protected from a drying climate by managing nectar sources? Combretum fruticosum, example of an important nectar source for birds in the coffee zones Bird species diversity is strongly dependent on available monthly energy from fruit in shade-coffee Peters, Cooper, Carroll 2009 Global warming Impact on two key crops coffee and rice…. Implications for conservation Coffee Climate change is expected to greatly lower coffee yield in Central America…will Costa Rica have a relative advantage? La broca del café is a major limiting pest in coffee worldwide. Costa Rica is relatively less affected. Ojo de gallo disease is common in Costa Rice Coffee arabica Yields drop sharply with higher temperature Coffee berry borer “La broca” may move above 1500-1600 m Coffee rust becomes worse Leaf spot “ojo de gallo” a lesser problem if climate dries Consequences? As coffee yields decline, price will increase. Will this increase pressure to open up more high altitude forest for coffee production? Will shade coffee increase? What will happen to the current coffee lands? Rice Rice yields drop 10% for every 1 degree C increase in night time temperature (Philippines) Consequences con’t As rice yields decline, will more lands be converted to irrigated rice to compensate for the lost aggregate revenue? Will this increase competition for water to maintain natural wetlands--or conversion of wetlands to rice fields? What about additional increased competition for water from coastal ecotourism? Palo Verde Marsh Rice field Opportunities for rational responses in northwest Costa Rica Increased monthly fruit-energy, floral resources in the shade coffee agroecosystem..”bird friendly” marketing Protecting wet refugia, protecting headwate