Basic Statistics_050704.ppt

Probability and Distributions概率论与分布 In this module we will cover: 我们将在此模块中包括 Basic Statistics基本统计 Variation变化 Common cause共同的事业 Special cause特殊原因 Stability稳定性 Types of data数据类型 Measures of the centre of the data数据中心的措施 Measures of the spread of data数据传播的措施 The Normal curve and Probability distributions正常曲线和概率分布 Confidence Intervals置信区间 Understanding data理解数据 Is there a relationship between the supplier gage and the customer gage?之间的供应商量具和客户计有关系吗？ Understanding data理解数据 Is there a difference in performance between shifts?是否有转移之间的性能差异呢？ Turning data into pictures至于到图片的数据 Graphs help us understand the nature of variation图表可以帮助我们理解变异的性质 Graphs make nature of data more accessible to the human mind图表使数据的性质，人的心灵更容易 Graphs help display the context of the data图形帮助显示的数据的背景下 Graphs should be primary presentation tool in data analysis图应在数据分析的主要表现工具 (If you can’t show it graphically, you probably don’t have a good conclusion) （如果您不能显示图形，你可能不会有很好的结论） Graphs help separate the signal from the noise图表帮助单独噪声信号 There are many graphs in Minitab在Minitab中有许多图表 Statistics help back up the opinion we make when looking at graphs统计帮助备份的意见，我们在图时 The Concept of Variation变异的概念 How long does it take you to drive to work?你开车上班多久？ Brainstorm some potential events that could create variation in your driving time.脑力激荡一些潜在的事件，可以创建在你的驾驶时间的变化。 Common Causes and Special Causes常见原因和特殊原因 Common Causes常见的原因 Normal changes within a process that lead to slight differences in the output results进程中的一个正常的变化，导致在输出结果略有差异 Usually occur very frequently通常发生非常频繁 Special Causes特殊原因 Also called “assignable causes”也被称为“分配原因” Factors within a process that cause significant differences in the output results进程中的一个因素，导致在输出结果的显着性差异 Usually occur infrequently它们通常很少发生 Variation变化 “While every process displays variation, all processes display controlled variation, while some processes also display uncontrolled variation.” - Walter Shewhart “虽然每个进程显示的变化，的所有进程显示控制的变化，而