构词法-硕士英语课件.docVIP

Word Formation * The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on word-formation. Affixation （词缀法） 30％－40％ Compounding （复合法、合成法） 28％－30％ Conversion （转类法） 26％ Shortening/Clipping （缩略法）8％－ 10％ Blending （拼缀法） 1％－5% Acronymy (首字母拼音法) Affixation: the formation of words by adding affixes to the bases (stems). Prefixes (前缀): do not generally change the word- class of the bases but only modify its meaning. 不改变词性，改变词义 Suffixes (后缀): change the word class with a slight modification of meaning. 改变词性，不（略微）改变词义 Prefixes Negative prefixes : 否定前缀 dis--- dislike, disagree, disallow, disunite, disinterested, disobey, disorder in(ir, im, il)--- illiterate, illegal, immature, inaudible, injustice, irregular, irresponsible non--- nonhuman, nonsmoking, non-violence un--- unimportant, unknown, unwilling, unsmiling, unable (de--- deforest, desalt, devalue, destruction) Pejorative prefixes: 贬义前缀 mis--- mislead, mistrust, misunderstand mal--- maltreat, malformed, malpractice pseudo--- pseudocide, pseudocode, pseudonym, pseudograph Prefixes of Degree or Size: 表示程度大小的前缀 co--- co-star, co-author, cohabit, co-worker extra--- extra-large, extra-strong, extra-bright macro--- macrostructure, macroeconomics, micro--- microsurgery, microfilm, microwave, microcomputer, microexpression mini---minibus, minicamera, mini-market, mini-bikini over---overexcited, overweight, over-anxious, overestimate under--- under-age, underbred, underdo, undermanned ultra--- ultraclean, ultracritical, ultraism, ultraleft, ultrasonic super---, ser---, Prefixes of Orientation Attitude 表示方向态度的前缀 anti--- anti-aging, anti-nuclear, anti-climax, anti-government counter--- counter-accuse, counterclockwise, counterattack pro--- proabortion, pro-common market Locative prefixes: 表示位置的前缀 extra--- extramarital, extraterrestrial inter--- interbreeding, interpersonal, interstate super--- superstructure, superscript tele--- telescope, telecommunication,