伤情评估和战场伤员分类(江)分析报告.pptVIP

伤情评估和战场伤员分类 江 雷 卫生勤务学教研室 Mass casualties Any large number of casualties produced in a relatively short period of time, usually as the result of a single incident such as a military aircraft accident, hurricane, flood, earthquake, or armed attack, that exceeds local logistical support capabilities. Mass casualty situation A mass casualty situation is present when one combat medic is confronted with two critically injured patients at the same time. With a large number of casualties, the disparity may be multiplied many times; this greatly disrupts the doctrinal approach to treatment and evacuation. In addition to the treatment and evacuation of a large number of military and civilian casualties, problems may occur from disruptions in the supply, communication, and transportation systems. 什么是伤情评估？ 伤情评估是指在战场上运用简明的应急诊断技术，迅速地对伤员情况进行初步判断，进而以量化标准来判定伤员损伤的严重程度，从而指导战场伤员分类救治，预测战伤结局以及评估救治质量。 院前指数（Pre-hospital index，PHI） CRAMS评分法 Glasgow Coma Scale，GCS 校正的创伤积分 ( Revised Trauma Score，RTS ) 简易战伤评分方法 伤员伤势评估及处置顺序 二、战场伤员分类 Triage of mass casualties The evaluation and classification of casualties for purposes of treatment and evacuation. It consists of the immediate sorting of patients according to type and seriousness of injury, and likelihood of survival, and the establishment of priority for treatment and evacuation to assure medical care of the greatest benefit to the largest number. 分类的意义 战场伤病员分类是实施战场伤病员救护管理的一个重要环节。战时伤员数量大，伤病种类复杂，救治时间紧迫，救治力量有限。由此产生了救治需要与可能之间的矛盾, 重伤病员与轻伤病员之间、部分伤病员与全体伤病员之间救治的矛盾。为解决这些矛盾，就必须对伤病员进行分类。通过分类将有限卫勤力量首先用到需挽救生命的危急伤员上。 分类的目的 分类的目的在于保证每个伤病员得到及时合理的救治和后送。保证在伤病员众多的条件下, 做好救治工作，使救治工作有条不紊地进行；充分发挥卫勤人力物力作用，促进医疗后送工作的多快好省。区分伤病的轻重缓急, 确定救治和后送的先后次序; 根据伤类、伤情, 确定伤员救治措施; 确定伤员后送体位和工具。以保证各种伤员得到最合理的处置。 分类的方法 伤部 伤类 伤型 伤情 急救优先等级 紧急处置——重伤 优先处置——中度伤 常规处置——轻伤 期待处置——危重伤 Treatment categories:P systems P1-Immediate Treatment P2-Delayed Treatment P3-Minimal Treatment P1 Hold-Expectant Treatment Triage for treatment A simple, safe, rapid and reproducible system is required that c