Chapter 21 The first Law of Thermodynamics.pptVIP

Key words and Terms Thermodynamics Quasistatic process Molar specific heat Isothermal process Isobaric process Isochoric process Adiabatic process Monatomic molecules Diatomic molecules polyatomic molecules Degrees of freedom Principle of equipartition of energy Internal energy Chapter 21 The first Law of Thermodynamics Chap.17 Quasistatic process: a process in which every step goes slowly that it is never far away from an equilibrium state.P409And it can be represented by a smooth curve on the pressure-volume diagram. (PV 图) 22.1 The first Law of Thermodynamics 17-1,2,4 2. Work done in volume changes P410 过程量 3. The internal energy of ideal gas U 17-2, P414 (1) Degrees of Freedom (DF) P414 DF: The number of independent ways molecules can possess (store) energy P414 (2) DF of ideal gas for the three kinds of molecules (a) monatomic molecules-contain only a single atom, as He (Helium) (b) Diatomic molecules-contain two atoms, as O2 (c) Polyatomic molecules-contain three atoms (3). The principle of equipartition of energy The principle of equipartition of energy : energy is shared equally among the active degrees of freedom, and in particular each active degree of freedom of a molecule has on the average an energy equal to 等温过程曲线的斜率 常量 A B C 计算各等值过程的热量、功和内能的理论基础. （1） （equation of state） （2） The first law of thermodynamics （3） （state quantity） （4） Characteristics for different processes Free expansion (adiabatic) free expansion P412 * 热力学 准静态过程 摩尔热容 等温过程 等压过程 等容过程 绝热过程 单原子分子 双原子分子 多原子分子 自由度 能量均分原理 内能 22.1 The first Law of Thermodynamics 17-1,2,4 22.2 Applying the First Law of Thermodynamics 17-5,6,7 Chapter 22 The first Law of Thermodynamics Chap.17 Homework: 17-21, 25, 27, 39 Categories of system P408 Closed system(封闭系统）:只有能量交换，没有物质交换。 Open system(开放系统）:不但有能量交换，而且还进行物质交换。 Isolated system(孤立系统）:与外界没有任何相互作用的系统既没能量交换，也没物质交换。是一个理想模型。 气体 活塞 砂子 1 2 1.Heat as energy transfer 17-1: process