Unit 1-The Earth and the Universe.pptVIP

A: 当然，在史前时代人类就已经认识了月球。月球是天空中仅次于太阳的第二亮的星体。月球每月围绕地球运行一周，在此期间月球、地球和太阳之间的夹角在不断地变化，我们把这种变化称为月相变化。连续两次出现新月的时间间隔是29.5天（709小时），这与以恒星为参照物进行测量的运行周期略有差异，因为在此期间地球围绕太阳公转了相当长的距离。 Exercises(2/4) 5 Unit 1 The Earth and the Universe Translate the following paragraph into English: 太阳系八大行星中，一般把水星、金星、地球和火星称为类地行星，它们的共同特点是其主要由石质和铁质构成，半径和质量较小，但密度较高。把木星、土星、天王星和海王星称为类木行星，它们的共同的特点是其主要由氢、氦、冰、甲烷、氨等构成，石质和铁质只占极小的比例，它们的质量和半径均远大于地球，但密度却较低。冥王星是一颗特殊的星体，是矮行星。 太阳系是由受太阳引力约束的天体组成的系统，它的最大范围约可延伸到1光年以外。太阳系的主要成员有：太阳（恒星）、八大行星（包括地球）、无数小行星、众多卫星（包括月亮），还有彗星、流星体以及大量尘埃物质和稀薄的气态物质。在太阳系中，太阳的质量占太阳系总质量的99.8%，其他天体的总和不到太阳的0.2%。太阳是中心天体，它的引力控制着整个太阳系，使其他天体绕太阳公转。太阳系中的八大行星（水星、金星、地球、火星、木星、土星、天王星、海王星）都在接近同一平面的近圆形轨道上朝同一方向绕太阳公转。 Exercises(3/4) 5 Unit 1 The Earth and the Universe A: Among the eight planets in the Solar system, Mercury,Venus,Earth and Mars are called the terrestrial planets. All of them consist of lithoid and ferruginous materials mostly with relatively smaller radius and mass and higher density compared with the Jovian planets (including Jupiter, Satuen, Uranus and Neptune), all of which consist of hydrogen, helium, ice, methane, ammonia mostly and lithoid and ferruginous materials in very little proportion. Pluto is a special object called dwarf planet. The Solar system consists of objects restricted by solar gravitation and its maximal bound may exceed 1 light year. The main members are the Sun (star), eight planets (including the Earth), countless asteroids, numerous moons (including the Moon), comets, meteoroids, abundant dust and tenuous gaseous matters. The Sun contains 99.8% of the mass of the Solar system and all the other objects combined contain the remaining 0.2%. The central body of the Solar system is the Sun whose gravitation controls the whole solar system and makes all the other objects revolving around it. Eight planets of the Solar system orbit the Sun in or near the same plane with nearly circular orbits and in the same direction. Exercises(4/4) 5 Unit 1 The Earth and the