n-组合变形.pptVIP

* 5 . 组合变形的 应力与强度计算 The stresses and strength of combined deformations N(x) M(x) T(x) In engenering the strength of combined deformations often need to be calculated . The steps are as follows : (1) 确定危险截面 , 用截面法计算危险截面上的内力 . 组合变形杆件强度计算的步骤 : (2) 确定危险截面上的危险点 , 分析危险点的应力状态 . Determine the dangerous cross section of the bar , and using section method to get the internal forces on this section . Determine the dangerous point on the cross section , and analysis the state of stress at this point . (3) 根据适当的强度准则计算组合变形杆件的强度 . 强度计算包含三个方面的内容 (The calculation of strength for a bar involes three parts ) : a. 校核强度 (Examine the strength of the bar ) b. 计算许可载荷 (Determine the maximum laodings acted on the bar ) c. 计算许可截面尺寸 (Determine the minimum cross section of the bar ) Calculate the strength of the bar acoording to certain strength criterion . 5.1 拉弯扭组合变形 (Generially combined deformations ) N M T Dangerious cross section Suppose the internal forces on the dangerious section are N T M . The dangerious point will be point A or B . Its state of stress is shown in follows figure . A B Dangerious point A B For the ductile materials : ----- Normal stress caused by the axial force N ------- Normal stress caused by the bending moment M -------- Shearing stress caused by the torque T Very important formulas If the cross section of the bar is not circular . 5.2 拉弯组合变形 (Combined deformation of tension and bending ) N M Dangerious section T = 0 A B Dangerious point The dangerious point is a simple state of stress . 拉弯组合中的最大正应力的计算 拉压正应力 A N N = s — 拉弯组合中的最大正应力 W M A N max max ± = s —— — 弯曲最大正应力 W M M max = s —— N M Dangerious section T = 0 A B Dangerious point The dangerious point is a simple state of stress . (2) 强度准则 ( Strength criterion ) 如图的集中荷载 P 可在