周莉莉-基于单片机制电梯的控制系统设计.doc

摘 要 电梯是现在高层建筑中的垂直运输工具，更是一种标志着现代物质文明建设发展的机电一体化的复杂运输设备。它涉及到了电子技术、机械工程、电力电子技术、微机技术、电力拖动系统和土建工程等多个科学领域。因此电梯的生产情况和使用数量已成为一个国家现代化程度的标识之一。随着现代化城市的高速发展，一幢幢高楼拔地而起，每天都有大量人流及物流需要输送，为了节约用地和适应经贸事业的发展，而这些高层建筑的垂直运输就成为了一个突出问题，电梯作为解决这一问题的主角在人们的工作和生活中的地位就变得更加的凸显了。 本设计就是对电梯这一垂直运输工具的运送规律的一种简单的模拟。设计中采用AT89C51单片机为核心控制元件及外围硬件电路构成了一个四层电梯控制系统的模型。通过对各楼层用户按键状态的检测，作为用户请求信息送到单片机，然后单片机通过改变端口的状态控制步进电机，实现了电机的调控功能，使电梯能够准确的停靠在请求楼层。软件部分使用汇编语言，利用中断方式来检测用户请求的按键信息，模拟按键引起的电平变化，送至单片机来确定楼层位置及请求方式，当电梯运行到各个楼层时，楼层数送数码管显示。硬件设计简单可靠，与软件相结合，基本实现了电梯的基本功能。 关键词：单片机；电梯；步进电机；控制 Based on single-chip microcomputer controling the elevator ′s control system designation Abstract Now the elevator is the vertical transportation tool of the high building, but also a marked about the modern material civilization construction development integration of machinery complex transportation equipment. It involves electronic technology, mechanical engineering, power electronic technology, microcomputer technology, electric driving system and civil engineering and so on many fields of science. Therefore elevator production condition and used quantity has become one of the logoes of the national modernization degree. With the rapid development of modern city, every day there are lots of people and logistics need to be saved by the transportation, and adapt to the economic and trade development of the cause of the ground, tall buildings have sprung up, but the vertical transportation became a prominent problems, the status of the elevator to solve this situation as the leading role in peoples work and life has becoming more highlights. This design is a simple simulation about the transport rule of the vertical transportation of elevator. Using AT89C51 microcontroller as the core control components and peripheral hardware circuit constituted a four layers of elevator control system model in the designation. On each floor by detecting state of user buttons, and users request information is sent to microcontroller, then the stat