毕业设计（论文）-数字PID调节器的正交优化设计.doc

摘要 在工业生产中，对于某些被控对象的结构及控制进程较复杂，影响因素多的复杂系统，常常难以建立精确的数学模型来描述系统的特性。在没有精确的数学模型的情况下，如何决定PID调节器的参数，使其控制品质较佳，是个关键问题，它关系到所要设计的控制系统的性能的优劣，对提高产品质量尤为重要。 水轮机发电机组的调速系统就是一个这样的复杂系统，此系统具有非线性时变特性，其电力系统的稳定与调速器的有效和可靠的运行有关。迄今为止，目前的水轮机调速系统大多采用PID控制。此系统中的被控对象较复杂，且难以建立精确的数学模型，在对其进行PID调节器参数整定时，因采用常用工程整定方法限制条件多，整定结果不佳，所以本设计就选用了一种基于规则的正交表进行参数整定的实验设计方法正交优化设计法。 首先，对选定的某水电站进行水轮机和调速器选型，再对其系统建立模型，然后利用正交优化设计法，通过仿真对水轮机调速系统进行数字PID调节器参数整定。整定结果表明该方法简单可行，性能指标选取方法 法，Cohen—Coon整定法，稳定边界法等进行了对比分析，说明了正交优化设计在实际工程整定中的可行性和实用性。在此基础上，本设计还提出了正交优化法的改进研究，以提高正交优化法的精度。 关键词：水轮机调速系统；正交优化设计；数字PID调节器；参数整定；仿真 Abstract In the industrial production process,for some complex systems, the object structures and control processes are complicated,and many factors influence the systems,so it is often difficult to establish precise mathematical models to describe the characteristics of the systems.Without a precise mathematical model,how decide the PID controller parameters becomes a key problem.Which may influences the performance of the designing control system and the improvement of the quality of products. The speed governing system of the hydroturbine generator set is a complex system,which has nonlinear time-varying characteristics.The effective and reliable operation of the speed governor decide the power system stability.So far,the hydroturbine governing systems always use PID controller.The controlled object of this system is more complicated,and it is difficult to establish a precise mathematical model.When set the system’s PID parameters,the common tuning methods have some restrictions and poor setting results.Therefore, this design adopts an experimental design method with a rules-based orthogonal table for setting parametersorthogonal optimal design method. Firstly,this design make a selection for the hydroturbine and speed governor of a hydropower station,and then build model of this system.Finally,the orthogonal optimal method and simulation are used to set the systems’ PID parameters.The results show that the metho