9-科技.pptVIP

3) Tendency of nominalization Eg: The dependence (to depend) of the rate of evaporation (to evaporate) of a liquid on temperature is enormous. The addition (to add) and removal (to remove) of heat may change the state of moving objects by redio. 9.1.4 Patterns of Organization Scientific and technical writing is characterized by its clear patterns of organization. The commonly used patterns include: Chronological description Cause-and-effect analysis Comparison and contrast Listing General-to-particular ordering of details 9.1.5 Case study The Haber process is now most usually used for the production of ammonia氨. In this process，the constituent elements，hydrogen and nitrogen，in the ratio of 3 volumes to 1, are brought together at high temperature and pressure in the presence of a catalyst 催化剂，generally pure iron mixed with molybdenum 钼 or potassium 钾 and aluminum 铝 oxides． 9.1.5 Case study Commercial ammonia prepared by the Haber process contains a small amount of water．This can not be remold red by the usual drying agent，such as sulphuric acid 硫酸，calcium chloride氯化钙 and phosphorus pent oxide，which all react with ammonia. Drying may be effected，however by condensing the ammonia in a vessel containing metallic sodium 钠 .The sodium dissolves, forming a blue liquid, and reacts with any water present．The blue liquid may then be distilled to yield ammonia of a high degree of purity． * LOGO 9. Practical Varieties There are different functional varieties of English, used to serve different purposes. They are varieties according to field of discourse. We are going to discuss: ● English for Science and Technology ● journalese ● advertising 9.1 English for Science and Technology Variety used in scientific and technological activities English for Science and Technology shortened as EST that appeared 1970s Universally recognized The special features of scientific language are reflected in following aspects: 9.1.1? General features 1) Logical 2) Obj