机动车污染物排放对城市光化学烟雾影响.pdfVIP

NO浓度大幅度降低，N02浓度明显增加(若NO耗尽。因N02反应生成HN03和 PAN，则会导致N02浓度降低)；03和PAN的浓度均随时间呈增加趋势。当NOx 初始浓度保持不变时(初始浓度为I．Ippm)，HE浓度的增加能导致03和PAN浓 度的大幅增加；当HC初始浓度保持不变时(初始浓度为2．0ppm)，NOx浓度的 增加能导致03和PAN的浓度大幅减少；当HC和NOx的初始浓度均变小时，03和 PAN的浓度亦会变小。 ’ 由于大气中NOx与HC主要来自于机动车排放，其浓度与机动车排放直接相 关。因此，为预防城市光化学烟雾污染，必须采取措施减少机动车排放的NOx 和HC． ‘ 5．城市光化学烟雾的防治对策主要有： (I)污染源的控制包括新车控制技术、在用车控制技术、车用燃料质量 改善、交通改善等几个方面； 、 (2)加强03监测在机动车保有量较大的城市中，加强03浓度的长期监测； (3)制定污染物的区域总量控制方案。 关键词：光化学烟雾；机动车污染物排放；光化学动力学方程；数值模拟；防 治对策 Abstract Photochemical Smog is one ofthe most harmful pollutions to urban atmosphere．It is a new air pollution phenomenon appearing after petrol as fuel．The essence of photochemical smog is ozone pollution which is formed by nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons under ultraviolet my radiation．In urban atmospheric environment,the main sources of NOx and HC ale vehicle exhausts．More than 40％NOx,80％CO and 70％HC come from the vehicle exhausts in large cities respectively． Photochemical smog caused by vehicle exhausts has received a considerable research interest． In the last 20 years,the amounts of vehicles have increased dramatically,and also they mainly eonecnlrate OB large cities,SO the air pollution problems in large cities arc moi它and more serious．In order to understand the impact of exhausts 011 photochemical fog,this paper鳓Ⅱnnlari嬲the present conditions and trends of exhaust pollution,then discusses photochemical smog formation mechanism, establishes the photochemistry dynamics system of equations and carries On the mathematical simulation to them,finally proposes the mitigation measures of city photochemical smog pollution．The conclusions are summarized as follows： 1．The urban air pollution of OUr country is being transformed to the exhaust type ofmotor vehicle(photochemical smog删from the soot type．Since 1990，the average annul growth rate ofvehicle amounts of Beijing,Shanghai and Guangzhou aIe 12．03％．14．82％and 9．75％respeetively．The vehicle exhausts have already been primary pollution SOUIr：eS ofBeijing,Shanghai and Guan