南亚历史与文化7.ppt

The Beginning of Nationalist Movement In 1885 the Indian National Congress, at first an association comprised largely of lawyers and some other professionals, was founded in order that educated Indians might gain something of a voice in the governance of their own country. nationalist sentiments among elites first appeared in Maharashtra, where the radicals led by Bal Gangadhar Tilak, In Bengal armed revolutionaries attempted to carry out a campaign of terror and assassination directed at British officials and institutions. The Second Wave of Nationalist Movement In 1905, on the grounds that the governance of Bengal is impossible, British partitioned Bengal, which provoked the first major resistance to British rule since the Rebellion of 1857-58. It is during the Swadeshi movement that Indians deployed various strategies of non-violent resistance, boycott, strike and non-cooperation, and eventually the British had to agree to revoke (撤销) the partition of Bengal. Divide and Rule: East Bengal: Muslim area West Bengal: Hindu The Rise of Muslim League Muslim League: a political formation that came into existence in 1907 on the supposition that the interests of the Muslims could not be served by the Indian National Congress. The Shift of Capital City The capital of the country was shifted as well from Calcutta to Delhi, where a new set of official buildings designed to reflect imperial splendor led to the creation of New Delhi. The First World War and India During World War I, when Britain declared that India was at war with Germany as well, large number of Indian troops served overseas, 1919, Punjab disturbances: massacre by General Dyer-nearly 400 unarmed Indians in Amritsar in April-marked the emergence of a nation-wide movement against British rule. The events of 1919 also brought to the fore Mahatma Gandhi, the uncrowned king of the Indian nationalist movement. Gandhi led the non-cooperation movement against the British in 1920-22, as well as a campa