林木废弃物再生型保水剂的吸水保水特性和对土壤微生物影响的研究.pdfVIP

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林木废弃物再生型保水剂的吸水保水特性和对土壤微生物影响的研究.pdf

摘要 摘要 水土保持是我国生态环境建设的主体,对于发展农林业生产是至关重要的。因 此,应用保水剂作为实施节水农业的一条新途径,在我国农业抗旱节水中具有极其 重要的意义。 本论文以商品保水剂聚丙烯酸钾为参照,通过比较分析保水剂的保水能力以及 土壤的物理、化学、微生物学指标,评估杉木屑和竹屑2种林木废弃物再生型保水 剂的应用前景和生态环境风险,旨在筛选出保水性能好、价格低廉的环保型保水剂。 主要结论如下: 1、三种保水剂在纯水中都具有较强的吸水能力,其中聚丙烯酸钾的吸水倍率 最大,杉木屑接枝丙烯酸保水剂的吸水倍率最小;保水剂与土壤混合后,自制保水 剂的保水能力比聚丙烯酸钾强,土壤对它们的影响更小,其中杉木屑保水剂保水能 力又比竹屑保水剂强。 2、在一定范围内,土壤的保水率与保水剂用量呈正相关:加入的保水剂越多, 土壤保水率越大;施入0.5%、0.25%杉木屑和竹屑保水剂后,土壤田间持水量依次 分别为杉木屑:73.8%和58.8%,聚丙烯酸钾:67.8%和49.3%,竹屑:58.4%和46.5%, 明显高于对照(35.8%)。 3、施入0.25%保水剂的70天田间水分动态监测表明,杉木屑保水剂、竹屑保水 剂、聚丙烯酸钾的最高含水量分别为43.21%、40.57%和38.58%,高于对照35.69%, 但大部时间聚丙烯酸钾与对照的保水能力没有差异。随着时间的推移,自制保水剂 的优势逐渐下降,70天时基本消失。 4、保水剂能提高土壤pH和速效钾水平,对土壤细菌和真菌均没有不利影响, 相反自制保水剂对细菌有积极作用;自制保水剂有较强保水能力且有利于土壤微生 物活动,在林业生产上具有推广应用价值,建议用量为l:200(O.5%)。 关键词:保水剂;吸水能力;土壤含水量;土壤理化性质;土壤微生物群落 ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Soil and Water Conservation was the subject of eco·environmental construction and was very important for the development of Agriculture and Forestry.Therefore,the application of Super Absorbent Polymer aS a new approach to save water agriculture,had extremely important meanings in resisting drought and saving water ofChinese Agricultural This objective of paper is to evaluate the application potential and environmental risks of two super absorbent polymers(SAPs)respectively made from Chinese fir(CF-SAP)and bamboo sawdust (BB—SAP)by contrast with commercial SAP:Potassium Polyacrylate(PP·SAP)by means of measurement of water absorption capacity of different types of SAPs and their effects on soil physiochemical and biological properties.The results were as following: 1.Three SAPs in pure water alI had strong water absorbing ability,which the water absorbency of PP·SAP was the largest,while CF—SAP was the smallest;when mixed with soil,CF-SAP and BB-SAP had stronger water retaining capacity than PP-SAP while soil made little influence on them,and CF·-SAP was stronger than BB··SAP 2.To some extent,the soil water-preserving rate was positively correlated with dosage of SAPs: the more SAPs,the larger soil water-pres

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