摩尔人-鱼鹰社资料.docxVIP

摩尔人：7-15世纪各摩尔王朝的疆域INTRODUCTION简介North Africa and the Iberian peninsula were in cultural and economic decline for centuries before the /s?wd=Muslimie=gbktn=SE_hldp00990_u6vqbx10Muslims arrived in the early 8th century. Nevertheless some of the old Roman roads remained in a usable condition, while merchant ships still plied the Mediterranean in small numbers. Here the Mediterranean islands continued to serve as stepping stones along the sealanes, and it was Islamic civilisation which would dominate most of these islands from the 8th to 11th centuries. On land the Islamic thughur or frontier zones developed a distinct cultural identity but, unlike the Christian side of the frontier, they rarely achieved a separate political identity. The ultimate population advantage lay firmly with the more primitive north. In fact the Muslim Andalusians remained an outpost of an Islamic world with a relatively low population and rate of reproduction. As a result the burgeoning population of Christian Europe would eventually doom Moorish Andalusia./s?wd=穆斯林ie=gbktn=SE_hldp00990_u6vqbx10穆斯林在8世纪早期抵达/s?wd=北非ie=gbktn=SE_hldp00990_u6vqbx10北非和/s?wd=伊比利亚半岛ie=gbktn=SE_hldp00990_u6vqbx10伊比利亚半岛之前，北非和伊比利亚半岛的文化和经济在数世纪中陷入了衰落。尽管如此，一些古老的罗马大道仍然可以使用，而少量商船依旧往返于/s?wd=地中海ie=gbktn=SE_hldp00990_u6vqbx10地中海。在这里，地中海上的岛屿继续作为/s?wd=海上航线ie=gbktn=SE_hldp00990_u6vqbx10海上航线的跳板的角色，而且/s?wd=伊斯兰ie=gbktn=SE_hldp00990_u6vqbx10伊斯兰文明在8-11世纪统治这些岛屿中的大部分。在陆地上，穆斯林的thughur（即边境地区）创造出独特的文化特性，但是不像基督教的边境地区那样，他们很少拥有独立的政治特征。较落后的北方地区牢固地掌控着人口优势。事实上，作为伊斯兰世界的前哨的穆斯林的/s?wd=安达卢西亚ie=gbktn=SE_hldp00990_u6vqbx10安达卢西亚人口较少而且生育率较低。因此，基督教欧洲的迅速成长的人口最终将毁灭摩尔人的安达卢西亚。Several peoples were involved in the remarkable military history of the Islamic West. The Berbers predominated throughout North Africa and the Sahara. The powerful Berber jarawa tribe, for example,dominated what is now /s?wd=Tunisiaie=gbktn=SE_hldp00990_u6vqbx10Tunisia and eastern /s?wd=Algeriaie=gbktn=SE_hldp00990_u6vqbx10Algeria, where Romano-Byzantine civilisation was little more than a