英文文化4.pptVIP

A Brief History of FLT in the West I. The old and middle ages Latin: listening, speaking, reading, writing, grammar rules “通用语，活语言 ”：a lg in education, government, business, religion II. Renaissance to the 18th century Latin: a taught subject 英国： Roger Ascham(阿斯堪）-- 古文教学、翻译、语法讲授 John Locke(洛克）-- 隔行对照翻译法 法国： Michel de Montaigne(蒙田）-- learn from native speakers → natural approach自然法 捷克： John Amos Comenius(柯米尼亚斯）-- intuitive method 直觉法→ direct method直接法 III. 19th century 1. the establishment of Grammar-Translation Method 语法翻译法 2. reforms in the mid-19th century:模仿小孩学习母语 法国：C. Marcel(马西拉）-- 听、说 英国：T. Prendergast(普雷多加斯特）-- “structural syllabus结构大纲”（句型结构） 法国：F. Gouin(古恩）-- 情景、主题口语教学 3. late 19th century 1886: The International Phonetic Association 1888: The International Phonetic Alphabet 英国：H. Sweet(斯威特）-- 综合、折衷 德国：Wilhelm Vietor(菲埃托）-- 口语基础 1）口语是第一性的，教学法应反映这一原则 2）语音学应用于教师培训和教学实践 3）学习听应先于学习阅读 4）词汇应结合上下文来学习，句子也应在有意义的上下文中进行练习 5）用归纳法教授语法，即语法规则的教授应放在学生的情景中（练习了语法点之后） 6）虽然母语可以用来解释单词和检查对语言的理解，应避免使用翻译 法国：古恩 德国：M. Berlitz (贝力兹） ↓ The establishment of Direct Method 自然法→直接法 Background developed in the late 19th century as a reaction against the G-T method out of the need for better language learning in a new world of industry and international trade and travel L. Sauveur used intensive oral interaction in the target language M.D Berlitz (1852-1921) established the first Berlitz School in the U.S. in 1878 The principles of the Berlitz Method Classroom instruction was conducted exclusively in the target language. Only everyday vocabulary and sentences were taught. Oral communication skills were built up in a carefully graded progression organized around question-and-answer exchanges between teachers and students in small, intensive classes. Grammar was taught inductively. New teaching points were introduced orally. Concrete vocabulary was taught through demonstration, objects, and pictures; abstract vocabulary was taught by association of i