电力英语3.docVIP

UNIT 3 SWITCHES A: SWITCHES. The most important type of switches fall in one of the following classes (1) knife switches, (2) disconnecting switches(隔离开关), (3) air-break switches（空气短路开关）, (4) control switches控制开关, (5) auxiliary switches, (6) oil switches，(7) SF6 breaker switches,（8）vacuum switches, (9)magnetic-impulse switches（磁脉冲开关）, (10)connecters, etc.. Knife Switches. Such switches are used to open and close circuits of low voltage and current capacity. They are extensively used in lighting and small power circuits. In order to protect such low-capacity circuits against overloads and short circuits, it is necessary that proper fuses be connected in series with the switch blades. Disconnecting Switches For power circuits it is necessary to use some type of circuit breaker to open or close the circuit. In order to isolate the circuit breakers, it is generally considered good practice to connect knife switches in series with the circuit breakers. Such knife switches are known as disconnecting switches. They should never be opened until the circuit breaker in the same circuit has been opened and should always be closed before the circuit breaker is closed. They are not designed to break currents and should, therefore never be opened while current is flowing in the line. There is no definitely fixed rule as to where and how such switches must be used, but as a general rule they should be used on both sides of circuit breakers or in such a manner that it may be possible to deaden both sides of the circuit breakers in order that repairs or replacements may be made without any danger. Disconnecting switches may be operated by hand, either directly or by means of a wooden pole, or through a set of levels and bell cranks; or in case of high-voltage switches the control may be electrically. Air-break Switches. by “air-break” switches are meant switches designed to open circuits of medium capacity, such as lines supplying an industrial load from a main transmission