Diffusion.pptVIP

Diffusion of vacancy-solute complexes (5) 3. Vacancy-interstitial solute complexes in fcc crystals (c) A B C D A B C E (a) (b) (d) Migration energy of complex ? vacancy migration energy or solute atom migration energy Complex migration does not need its partial dissociation Diffusion in Ionic Materials (1) Diffusion occurs by vacancy mechanism and involves two types of ions with opposite charges Formation of vacancies: Schottky defects Diffusion in Ionic Materials (2) FeO Nonstoichiometry Diffusion in Ionic Materials (3) Substitutional impurities e.g. in NaCl-Ca solid solution Replacement of a sodium ion by a calcium ion creates an extra positive charge. To maintain the electroneutrality, the formation of a sodium vacancy is required Diffusion processes: The diffusive migration of a single ion is the transport of electrical charge. To maintain the electroneutrality near the moving ion, another species with equal and opposite charges is required to accompany this ion’s diffusive motion Possible charged species: vacancy or electronic carrier like free electron or hole Diffusion in Ionic Materials (4) Concepts: free electron, hole Semiconductors – n-type semiconductor and p-type semiconductor n-type semiconductor: electron conduction (an extra valence electron – excitation of the electron – a free electron) p-type semiconductor: hole conduction, a deficiency of one valence electron (hole) FeO Assignments Problems 6.27, 6.29, and 6.30 Chapter 6Diffusion in Solids Diffusion - Introduction A phenomenon of material transport by atomic migration The mass transfer in macroscopic level is implemented by the motion of atoms in microscopic level Self-diffusion and interdiffusion (or impurity diffusion) Topics: mechanisms of diffusion, mathematics of diffusion, effects of temperature and diffusing species on the rate of diffusion, and diffusion of vacancy-solute complexes Demonstration of diffusion Before heat treatment After heat treatment Diffusion – Mechanisms