Protein 1.pptVIP

WHAT IS MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Broad definition: the attempt to understand biological phenomena in molecular terms. Restrictive definition: the study of gene structure and function at the molecular level. Key points Typical structure of amino acid* Classification of 20 amino acids* Properties of amino acids AAs Amino Acids AAs All proteins are composed of amino acids Amino acids are building units of proteins 20 common amino acids found in proteins Each amino acid has the same fundamental structure 2. Classification of amino acids p77 Classified according to polarity（极性） of side chains R groups Hydrophobic -water fearing （亲脂性） non-polar side chains Hydrophilic -water loving （亲水性） polar, neutral chains negatively charged positively charged Amino Acids Proteins are composed of 20 common amino acids All are L-α -amino acids Proline is an α -imino acid 亚氨基酸 Glysine doesn’t have the chiral carbon Classification is based on polarity of R groups 3. Properties of amino acids 3 Reactions of AAs undergo p85 α –NH2: -COOH→ amide -CHO → -N CH- schiff base α –COOH: -NH2 -NHR → amide -OH → -COOR ester Side chain reactivity: governs protein structures, functions and properties 4 Disulfide 二硫键 补充内容 the oxidation reaction （氧化反应）of two cysteine （半胱氨酸）molecules to form a disulfide. Key terms（ 名词解释 * Peptide plane—肽平面 Denaturation of protein—蛋白质变性 Isoelectric point of protein –蛋白质的等电点 Peptide Unit Plane The partial double-bond character of the peptide bond that links the COOH carbon and the N of an amide makes Cα 1, C, O, N, H, Cα2 six atoms coplanar, Cα 1 and Cα2 are trans to each other, the semi-rigid plane composed of those six atoms is termed as peptide unit. 3. Peptide 肽 p106 A linear sequence of amino acids residues linked together by peptide bonds oligopeptide : fewer than 20 AA residues Polypeptide: more than 50 or 25 4. Proteins p106 Protein: a macromolecule polymer composed of one or more polypeptides, the polypeptide chain folds