Comparative Studies of Chinese and English (Part I).pptVIP

Comparative Studies of Chinese and English (Part I) Lexical and Semantic Comparison of Chinese and English I. Lexical Comparison of Chinese and English. II. Semantic comparison of Chinese and English I. Lexical Comparison of Chinese and English. 1. Chinese is an ideograph language, the word formation mainly depends on word meaning.汉语是表意文字 However, English language is a kind of spelling language. It is not the written sign but the sound or spelling that gives more ideas of the meaning of the word.英语是拼音文字 English (alphabetic script)（只有词） Chinese （ideographic-oriented syllabic script）: （有字又有词） 象形字（pictograph）日月山水 指事字（indicative character）上一二下 会意字（associative character）众森从 形声字（morpheme-phonetic character）材铜冻证骑秧 2. Comparison of pronunciation Chinese ( tonal language) English (intonation language) Intonation: The falling tone: what would you like? The rising tone: are you coming later? The fall-rise tone: he was quite kind. 3. Comparison of word formation Chinese: single word and compound word Single words include mono-syllable words like 鸟，吃，八 and multi-syllable words like 坎坷，沙发，妈妈. Compound words include compounding(复合式) like语言, 煤气, 建成 affixation（附加式） like老鹰, 学者, 红艳艳 abbreviation （减缩式）like 人大, 师专, 彩扩 and numberization（数字式） like 四化, 七一, 三害 According to modern morphology, there are three major processes in for forming English words. The major: 1. compounding: headache, pickpocket, pine tree 2. derivation: unhappy, unzip, boyhood 3. conversion: to label, to bottle, a look, a cry 4. Difference of morphology English 有屈折变化（inflections）：性、数、格、时、体、态、语气、人称、比较级等； Chinese 没有形态变化，但有量词（动量词）、语气词、形态助词； II. Semantic comparison of Chinese and English(词义对比) A. the meanings of the word(词的意义方面)： 1. 英语中有些词所表示的意义，在汉语里可以找到完全对应的词来表达。（semantic correspondence） 专用名词、术语和事物名称 。如： The U.S. State Department 美国国务院 萨斯 SARS（Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome）Aids (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) 艾滋病 2. 英语中有些词与汉语中有些词在词义上只有部分对应。(partly semantic correspondence) 大象、龙 Marriage Gun Uncle Aunt Bothe