4.Myology.pptVIP

Myology肌学 Section2The muscles of head and neck 头肌和颈肌 Ⅰ. The muscles of head 头肌 （二） masticatory muscles 咀 嚼 肌 masseter 咬 肌 ： Origin－inferior border and medial surface of zygomatic arch Insertion－lateral surface of ramus of mandible and angle of mandible （二） masticatory muscles咀 嚼 肌 Ⅱ. Muscles of neck 颈肌 （一）颈浅层肌和颈外侧肌 （二）颈前肌 （二）颈前肌 section 3The muscles of trunk躯干肌 Ⅱ. The muscles of thorax胸肌  Pectoralis major 胸大肌 Origin: medial half of clavicle,sternum,1th-6th costal cartilages. Insertion: crest of greater tubercle of humerus. Action: flexes, adducts and rotates arm medially; arm fixed, elevates trunk; elevates ribs 1-6,aidding in forced inspiration. Pectoralis minor 胸小肌 Deep to the pectoralis major Origin: 3rd-5th ribs Insertion: coracoid process of scapula Action: Draw the scapula forwards and downwards,when the scapula is fixed it helps the inspiration(by elevation the ribs) 膈为主要的呼吸肌。 收缩时，圆顶下降，胸腔容积扩大，引起吸气； 舒张时，膈的圆顶上升恢复原位，胸腔容积减小，引起呼气。膈与腹肌同时收缩，则能增加腹压，可协助排便、呕吐及分娩等活动 (2) Openings of diaphragm Muscles of abdomen Anterolateral group 腹外斜肌 腹内斜肌 腹横肌 腹直肌 扁肌纤维互相交叉增加腹壁的强度，保护腹腔脏器 Obliquus externus abdominis 腹外斜肌 腹外斜肌：是腹前外侧壁扁肌中最大，位置最表浅肌肉 白线：由两侧三层扁肌的腱膜纤维交织而成，坚韧、少血管 . Obliquus externus absominis 腹外斜肌 Structures Inguinal ligament 腹股沟韧带：位于髂前上嵴和耻骨结节之间的腹外斜肌腱膜卷曲增厚形成 Obliquus internus abdominis 腹内斜肌 Origin: 起自胸腰筋膜、髂嵴的前2|3和腹股沟韧带的外侧半 肌纤维止于第10~12肋的下缘，腹白线和经联合腱止于耻骨 Transversels abdominis 腹横肌 Origin:腹前外侧壁的最内层 起自第7-12肋软骨的的内面、胸腰肌膜、髂嵴和腹股沟韧带外侧的1|3处 The Sheath of rectus abdominis 腹直肌鞘 组成：由腹外侧壁三层扁肌的腱膜包绕腹直肌而成 Two openings Superficial inguinal ring 腹股沟浅环 Deep inguinal ring 腹股沟深环 －defect in transverse fascia，lies at about 1.5cm above midpoint of inguinal ligament Structures passing through the inguinal canal Male: Spermatic cord 精索 female: Round ligament of uterus 子宫圆韧带 The muscles of limbs四 肢 肌 Muscles of shoulder 肩肌 Deltoid 三角肌 Supraspinatus 冈上肌 Infra