操作系统支持.pptVIP

William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture Chapter 7 Operating System Support 操作系统支持 Topics Overview 概述 Scheduling 调度 Memory Management 内存管理 Pentium II and PowerPC Memory Management Pentium II 和 PowerPC 的内存管理 Overview What is an OS? The operating system is a program that manages the computer’s resources, provides services for programmers, and schedules the execution of other programs.操作系统是负责管理计算机资源、为程序员提供服务、对其他程序的执行进行调度的软件 Overview Objectives and Functions  (OS的目标和功能) Convenience 方便性 Making the computer easier to use 使计算机更加容易使用 Efficiency 有效性 Allowing better use of computer resources 使计算机资源得到更加有效的利用 The Operating System as a User/Computer Interface Operating System Services (1) Program creation 程序的建立 provides a variety of facilities and services to assist in creating programs, such as editors and debuggers 为用户进行编程时提供各种工具和服务， 如：编辑程序、调试程序 Program execution 程序执行 a number of tasks need to be performed to execute a program 执行一个程序需要完成许多任务 Operating System Services (2) Access to I/O devices 访问I/O设备 each I/O device requires its own peculiar set of instructions or control signals for operation 每一个I/O设备都需要自己特有的指令集以及控制信号以进行操作 Controll access to files 控制文件存取 control include an understanding the nature of the I/O device and the file format 控制包括对I/O设备的性质以及文件格式的理解 Operating System Services (3) System access 系统访问 OS control access to the system as a whole and to specific system resources OS对系统整体以及特殊的系统资源进行访问控制 resolve conflicts for resource contention 解决资源竞争冲突 Operating System Services (4) Error detection and response 错误检查和响应 OS make response OS对错误能够作出响应 ending the program, retrying the operation, reporting the error OS能够终止出错程序、重试操作、报告错误 Accounting 统计 Collect usage statistics for various resources 能够对各种资源的使用情况进行统计 O/S as a Resource Manager(1) A computer is a set of resources for the movement, storage, and processing of data and for the control of these functions. The operating system is responsible for managing these re