2.翻译。.docVIP

1.From the very early industrial period in the United States, which started about 1920, until several years after the Second World War, there was little concern for the proper methods of disposal of waste materials that were generated as by-products during manufacturing processes. Up until the 1960’s it was quite common to find fresh water rivers and streams fouled with waste chemicals from manufacturing, salt water from oil production wells and wastes acids from steel mill activities. Virtually every conceivable waste oil, solvent, or resin waste could be found in the rivers. 在美国，从大约1920年开始的早期工业时代，到第二次世界大战结束后几年里，几乎没人关注处理在生产过程中作为副产品产生的废弃材料的合理方法。直到1920年，随处可见被生产过程产生的废化学品、油井排出的盐水和炼钢厂排出的废酸所污染的淡水河流和溪涧。事实上，所有能够想象到的废物如废油、溶剂、废树脂都可以在河流里面找到。 2. In order for an industry to implement waste minimization/ waste reduction, certain elements need to be in place. First there should be ownership or management commitment. This should be a written policy indicating support of waste minimization. Management must be recognized as desirous of this program before employees will adopt it with any enthusiasm. The commitment has to be real, to affect production decisions, and to be a part of job performance evaluations. 为了在行业中能够实现废物最小/减少废物，某些要素必须具备的. 首先，是所有者或管理层的承诺. 这应当有一个书面政策表明支持废物的最小化. 在员工热心采用以前，管理者必须是被认为是很支持废物最小化的。承诺必须是真实的，影响生产的决定，并成为工作绩效评价的其中一部分. 3. The overall objective of environmental analysis is to obtain information about both natural and pollutant species present in the environment so as to make a realistic assessment of their probable behavior. In the case of pollutants, this involves assessment of their actual or potential environmental impact, which may be manifest in several ways. Thus, a pollutant species may present a toxicological hazard to plants or animals. It may also cause contamination of resources(such as air,water,and soil) so that they cannot be utilized for other purposes. 环境分析的目的是为了制造一个可行的现实的评估，去获得目前在环境中自然和污染物的种类的相关信息，以便根据它们大致上的生活习惯做出切实的评估. 有可能以多种方式显示出的污染物方面涉及到那些实际货