被动语态(提升篇).docVIP

语法专题（二）被动语态 被动语态须掌握以下几点： 1．结构：be + V-ed 2．分清主动与被动： eg: Now many kinds of work can be done by robots. (do) I didn’t go to the party because I wasn’t invited. (not invite) I asked him if he would come the next day. (ask) We are told not to swim in the river. (tell) （点拨：主动还是被动？通过主谓关系来确定） 3．确定时态： ①各种时态被动语态的构成be + V-ed 一般现在时 am/is/are + V-ed 一般过去时 was/were + V-ed 一般将来时 will be + V-ed 现在完成时 have/has + V-ed 现在进行时 am/is/are being + V-ed 情态动词 can be + V-ed （点拨：时态的千变万化体现在be动词之上） ② A lot of water is wasted every year. (waste) A new bridge was built over the river last year. (build) The job will be finished in ten minutes. (finish) Many man-made satellites have been sent into space since 1960. (send) --Have you moved into you new house? --No. The rooms are being painted. (paint) （点拨：时态的确定需找关键词，或根据上下文暗示） 4．如何由主动变被动： eg: We clean the classroom every day. ----The classroom is cleaned every day (by us). My mother doesn’t allow me to drive. ----I am not allowed to drive by my mother. When did Bell invented the telephone? ----When was the telephone invented? Exx: More and more people speak English. ----English is spoken by more and more people. Who invented it? ----Who(m) was it invented by?/By whom was it invented? 四、被动语态考点分析 1．不同时态的被动语态 2．注意短语动词的完整性 改错： The old should be spoken politely. ----spoken to The population problem must be paid attention. ----paid attention to （点拨：短语动词中的介词、副词容易漏掉，须注意） 3．带双宾语的被动语态 ① give sb. sth. ----sb. be given sth. give sth. to sb. ----sth. be given to sb. sim: send, show, pass, sell… ② buy sb. sth. ----sb. be bought sth. buy sth. for sb.----sth. be bought for sb. sim: make, draw… （点拨：带双宾语，物做主语，注意介词to还是for） 4．省略to的动词不定式的被动语态 ①使役动词make、have make sb. do sth.----sb. be made to do sth. ②感官动词see, watch, notice; hear, listen to; find; feel） see sb. do sth.----sb. be seen to do sth. 注意：see sb. doing sth.----sb. be seen doing sth. （点拨：省略to的动词不定式变被动补充to） 5．不用于被动的情况 ①不及物动词happen, take place，take off, belong to; break down, break o