2014年11月23日托福阅读真题.docxVIP

2014年11月23日托福阅读真题智课网整理机经词汇：Susceptable to = likely to be affected bySignificantly=considerablyCluster=groupPlague=cause trouble forAbrupt=suddenSteadily= continuouslyEnabling=allowingExceeding=going beyondAccout for=explainStriking第一篇：美国城市化版本1:美国的城市化并不是真正的城市化，它的产生是因为一些人为了贸易而建设的，有几个主要的发展（交通、工业以及其他），然后最大的特点就是无序性，导致了许多问题诸如污染、犯罪等的发生。然后城市人往郊区搬，郊区人往城里找工作。版本2：说一个地方在之前没有unban的概念，所以这导致了一系列问题，诸如sewage，然后城市容易发生火灾，火灾用了一定的比重取描述。版本3：有三个因素影响城市化问题，第一个是经济因素，然后说经济发现了就有钱投资改善交通。交通的改善还因为越来越多的人，这样费用会低（有题）。交通改善让人们经商，并且长距离活动。然后还说了一个城市人口变化的因素，很多中产阶级到了城市使得城市人口迅速增加。解析：这篇文章属于社会科学类文章。从文章段落结构看，十分清晰，主题明确，对背景的描述会比较详尽，不会出现因为背景知识的生疏而严重影响对于文章理解的情况。需要注意的是，必须提前对相关类型的TPO文章的生词熟悉，尽量减少生词恐惧带来的内耗。推荐TPO18的文章Industrialization in the Netherlands and Scandinavia相关背景：Industrialization in the Netherlands and ScandinaviaWhile some European countries, such as England and Germany, began to industrialize in the eighteenth century, the Netherlands and the Scandinavian countries of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden developed later. All four of these countries lagged considerably behind in the early nineteenth century. However, they industrialized rapidly in the second half of the century, especially in the last two or three decades. In view of their later start and their lack of coal—undoubtedly the main reason they were not among the early industrializers—it is important to understand the sources of their success.All had small populations. At the beginning of the nineteenth century, Denmark and Norway had fewer than 1 million people, while Sweden and the Netherlands had fewer than 2.5 million inhabitants. All exhibited moderate growth rates in the course of the century (Denmark the highest and Sweden the lowest), but all more than doubled in population by 1900. Density varied greatly. The Netherlands had one of the highest population densities in Europe, whereas Norway and Sweden had the lowest Denmark was in between but closer to the Netherlands.Considering human capital as a characteristic of the population, however, all f