古文运动.docVIP

古文运动 古文运动为改革文学体裁的运动，主要目的在于改变当时习于使用骈文写作的风气。发展至唐朝时期的骈文过度要求排偶用典以及相关格律，缺乏实用价值，于是唐初陈子昂开始提倡复古的言论，同时期的文人，如：李华、萧颖士等也开始排斥骈俪浮华的风气，这段时期可以称为古文运动的先驱时期。 关于唐朝初期后的古文运动大致可分成四个发展时期：（一）唐代韩柳的第一波古文运动、（二）宋代欧阳修的第二波古文运动、（三）明代前后七子与公安派的第三波古文运动、（四）清代桐城派的第四波古文运动。然而，四波古文运动的时间并不是紧密连贯，因此古文在中国文学的地位也并不是从古文运动推行起就屹立不摇的。 唐代韩愈及柳宗元提倡文以载道的思想确实使古文推行出现一道曙光，但是唐末与五代绮靡的骈文风气又再度复苏。北宋初期盛行的西昆体又有使风气变本加厉的情况，这段期间古文几乎可说是消声匿迹的。古文运动真正成功应该要追溯到北宋，欧阳修主张师经明道、力尊韩文的时期。欧阳修可称为当时的文坛领袖，带领三苏、曾巩等人提倡平易近人的古文。自此古文地位大致底定，日后变革的重点则在于师法典范与主张的不同。 The Classical Prose Movement (Chinese 古文運動 pinyin guwen yundong) of the late Tang dynasty and the Song dynasty in China advocated clarity and precision rather than the florid piantiwen (駢體文) or parallel prose style that had been popular since the Han dynasty. Parallel prose had a rigid structure and came to be criticized for being overly ornate at the expense of content. The aim of the guwen stylists was to follow the spirit of pre-Han prose rather than to imitate it directly. They used elements of colloquial language to make their writings more direct. The movement also had political and religious aspects, as Confucian scholars tried to combat the influence of Taoism and Buddhism on the emperors. Some also saw it as an effective tool to expose the reality of corruption and weakness in the central government. The first great promoters of the movement were Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan who were not only great writers but also great theorists, providing the foundation of the movement. Both were enthusiastic to promote the movement and were keen to teach young people so the movement could develop. After the deaths of Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan, the movement fell into something of a decline, their students writing with such ancient characters as to hinder understanding or neglecting the importance of writing good essays. Furthermore, the government only allowed the use of pingtiwen for official use, so those who want to be officials had to learn that style. Ouyang Xiu once again promoted the use of classica