A2 ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION.pptVIP

Mathematically Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction can be expressed as E = - d (NФ)/dt The negative sign indicates that the induced emf and hence the induced current are in the opposite direction. In the SI units, Ф is in weber, t is in seconds and E is in volts. Fleming’s right hand rule: If the thumb, and the first two fingers of the right hand are stretched out to be mutually perpendicular to each other, and if the thumb indicates the direction of the direction of motion(force), the first finger the magnetic field, then the second finger indicates the direction of the induced emf and current. Applications of electromagnetic induction: Electromagnetic induction is used widely in many applications of our daily life. A few examples are given below. Electromagnetic braking An electric generator Back EMF in electric motors Mutual inductance Self inductance Transformers Eddy currents: Eddy currents are those circular currents induced in metallic mass when magnetic flux linking them changes. It is usually observed when a block of a metal(iron) moves in a magnetic field or located in a changing magnetic field. These induced currents circulate throughout the volume of the metal. These currents assume circular paths and their directions are given by the Lenz’s law. These currents look like eddies or whirlpool and hence the name. When current is induced in a conductor such as a square piece or a block of a metal, the induced current often flows in small circles that are strongest at the surface and penetrate a short distance into the material. These current flow patterns are thought to resemble eddies in a stream, which are the tornado looking swirls of the water that we sometimes see. Because of this presumed resemblance, the electrical currents were named eddy currents. Since the resistance of metallic parts is low the eddy currents may be large even though the induced emf is small. Therefore eddy currents can produce considerable heating and magnetic e