the gas laws 理想气体.pptVIP

The gas law ps Pressure of a gas A gas in a container exerts a pressure on the walls of the container . A space from which all the air has been removed is a vacuum. Effect on volume of temperature (pressure constant) Measure the length of the tube as a direct measure for the volume as the area of cross section of the tube is constant Measure the temperature of the gas the temperature of the water in the water bath Draw a graph of volume against temperature in Celsius and temperature in Kelvin Effect on pressure of temperature (volume constant) Absolute zero -273。C is called absolute zero because we believe it is the lowest temperature possible . It is the zero of the absolute or Kelvin scale of tempetature . Degrees on this scale are called kelvins and are denoted by K . They are exactly the same size as Celsius degrees . T=273+θ Effect on volume of pressure (temperature constant) Experiment to verify the Boyles law Measure the length of the vertical tube assuming that area of cross of the tube is constant The pressure is measured directly from the pressure Gauge Explaination for pressure Molecules in a gas moves at random When they move at random they collide with each other and also on the walls of the container When they collide they exert a force This force acting per unit area is the pressure Gas pressure is caused by the total force of collisions between fast-moving molecules and the walls of the container they are in. The higher the temperature ,the faster the molecules move . If the volume is kept constant ,the pressure increases because: 1) there are more frequent collisions with the container walls . 2) the collisions are harder so exert more force. Gas pressure and volume at constant temperature At a constant temperature ,gas molecules move at a constant average speed ,so the force from each collision is the same(on average) If the gas is compressed into a smaller volume ,there are more frequent collisions on each unit of area ,so the total forc