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Dirac quasiparticles in condensed matter physics
* Hong Kong Forum of Condensed Matter Physics: Past, Present, and Future December 20, 2006 Adam Durst Department of Physics and Astronomy Stony Brook University Dirac Quasiparticles in Condensed Matter Physics Hong Kong Forum of Condensed Matter Physics: Past, Present, and Future December 20, 2006 Adam Durst Department of Physics and Astronomy Stony Brook University Dirac Quasiparticles in Condensed Matter Physics (mostly d-wave superconductors) Outline Background d-Wave Superconductivity Universal Limit Thermal Conductivity (w/ aside on Graphene) Quasiparticle Transport Amidst Coexisting Charge Order Quasiparticle Scattering from Vortices Summary Dirac Fermions Relativistic Fermions (electrons) Massless Relativistic Fermions (neutrinos) We need only non-relativistic quantum mechanics and electromagnetism But in many important cases, the low energy effective theory is described by Dirac Hamiltonian and Dirac energy spectrum Examples include: Quasiparticles in Cuprate (d-wave) Superconductors Electrons in Graphene etc… Low energy excitations are two-dimentional massless Dirac fermions What does this have to do with Condensed Matter Physics? High-Tc Cuprate Superconductors T x AF dSC s-Wave Superconductor Fully gapped quasiparticle excitations d-Wave Superconductor Quasiparticle gap vanishes at four nodal points Quasiparticles behave more like massless relativistic particles than normal electrons Two Characteristic Velocities Quasiparticle Excitation Spectrum Anisotropic Dirac Cone d-Wave Superconductivity Disorder-Induced Quasiparticles N(w) w Disorder-Induced Quasiparticles Density of States L. P. Gorkov and P. A. Kalugin, JETP Lett. 41, 253 (1985) Universal Limit Transport Coefficients Disorder generates quasiparticles Disorder scatters quasiparticles Disorder-independent conductivities P. A. Lee, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 1887 (1993) M. J. Graf, S.-K. Yip, J. A. Sauls, and D. Rainer, Phys. Rev. B 53, 15147 (1996) A. C. Durst and P. A. Lee, Phys. Rev. B 62, 1
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