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中文版GIS ★ Chapter 1 Review Questions 1. Define geographically referenced data. Geographically referenced data are data that describe both the locations and characteristics of spatial features such as roads, land parcels, and vegetation stands on the Earth’s surface. 1、定义地理参照数据 地理参照数据是用于描述位置和空间要素属性的数据，例如道路、宗地和地球表面的植被覆盖。 8. Define spatial data and attribute data. Spatial data describe the locations of spatial features, which may be discrete or continuous. Attribute data describe the characteristics of spatial features. 8、定义空间数据和属性数据 空间数据描述空间要素的空间位置，可以是离散的或连续的。属性数据描述空间要素的 特征。 9. Explain the difference between vector data and raster data. Vector data use points and their x-, y-coordinates to represent spatial features of points, lines, and areas. Raster data use a grid and grid cells to represent the spatial variation of a feature. 9、解释矢量数据和栅格数据之间的不同 矢量数据使用点和它们的x -,y坐标构建空间特征的点、线、和面。栅格数据使用网格和格网像元来表示要素的空间变异。 10. Explain the difference between the georelational data model and the object-based data model. The georelational data model uses a split system to store spatial data and attribute data. The object-based data model stores spatial data and attribute data in a single system. 10、解释地理相关数据模型和基于对象数据模型之间的不同 地理相关数据模型使用不同的数据系统分别存储空间数据和属性数据。基于对象数据模型将空间数据和属性数据存储在统一的数据系统中。 11. How does data exploration differ from data analysis? Data exploration involves the activities of exploring the general trends in the data, taking a close look at data subsets, and focusing on possible relationships between data sets, whereas data analysis uses GIS commands to perform operations on data. 11、数据查探和数据分析有何不同 数据查探是数据分析的前期工作，弄清数据中的大概趋势，更好地观察并理解数据子集，及关注数据集间的可能关系，而数据分析利用地理信息系统(GIS)指令数据进行操作。 12. Suppose you are required to do a GIS project for a class. What kinds of activities or operations do you have to perform to complete the project? [The project will most likely involve data input, data management, data display, data exploration, data analysis, and, in some cases, GIS models and modeling.] 12、