chu_Solar_to_Chem_Energy朱棣文.pptVIP

Sustainable, CO2-neutral Source of Energy The possibility / likelihood of global warming is disturbing … World Energy Consumption by Region: 1970-2020 Global Energy Consumption, 1998 World production of oil and gas is predicted to peak within 10 - 40 years Today: Production Cost of Electricity Energy Costs Nuclear Fusion Wind Power Generation Energy gained in corn ethanol production Total CO2 emissions From Summary of Renewable Fuel Options (NCEP) Engineering microbes to produce drugs Malaria is caused by a single-cell protozoan Transmitted by Anopheles mosquito Destroys red blood cells 1.5-2.7 million people die of malaria every year 90% of the victims are children 40% of the world’s population is at risk Artemisinin-based drugs The current cost for an artemisinin-based drug is approximately $2.25. Artemisinin generally adds $1.00-1.50 to the cost for drugs Most developing countries spend less than $4/person/year on health care As many as 10-12 treatments are needed for each person annually World Health Organization estimates that 700 tons will be needed annually Synthetic Biology: Production of artemisinin in bacteria Jay Keasling Integration of many disciplines will be needed “Unlike corn ethanol, cellulosic ethanol has potential to achieve near-zero net carbon emissions. Cultivation of cellulosic feedstocks requires very low energy inputs and, if sustainably managed, the carbon released during fuel combustion is reabsorbed by the growth of new feedstocks.” ~ 450 M acres of land under cultivation in the US Land with Crop Production Potential, 1990: 2.45x1013 m2 Cultivated Land, 1990: 0.897 x1013 m2 Additional Land needed to support 9 billion people: 0.416x1013 m2 Remaining land available for biomass energy: 1.28x1013 m2 Courtesy Nate Lewis Biomass resources estimate Photosynthesis:the creation of chemical energy from CO2, sunlight, water and nutrients Identify the biosynthesis pathways in A. annua Can synthetic