1句子成分2句子结构学案.docVIP

自学指导一： 句子成分 （一）句子成分的定义：构成_____的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和_____语；次要成分有_______、_______、______、______、______和______。 （二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于______。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由以下等成分表示： During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（_____） We often speak English in class.(_________) One-third of the students in this class are girls.(__________) To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(___________) Smoking does harm to the health.(__________) The rich should help the poor.(______________) When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(__________) It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作______主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式） （三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。______在句中作谓语，一般放在______之后。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. （四）表语：表语用以说明______的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于_______（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语可由以下等成分表示： Our teacher of English is an American.(__________) Is it yours?(__________) The weather has turned cold.(___________) The speech is exciting.(____________) Three times seven is twenty one?(____________) His job is to teach English.(__________) His hobby（爱好）is playing football.(______________) The machine must be out of order.(______________) Time is up. The class is over.(_____________) The truth is that he has never been abroad. （五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于_________和______后面。表语可由以下等成分表示： They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.(____________) The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.(________) How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(__________) They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(______________) He pretended not to see me.(____________) I enjoy listening to popular music.(_______________) I think（that）he is fit for his office.(____________) 宾语种类：（1）__________（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：