Chap45-牛顿定理.pptVIP

* * Chapter 4 5 Newtonian Mechanics Newton’s Law Some Particular Forces The Dynamics in Noninertial Frame Applying Newton’s Laws Dynamics studies the rule on the interaction force between bodies and examines the causes of motion. 4-1. Newton’s Law on Motion (P78) If no net force acts on a body, then the body’s velocity cannot change; the body cannot accelerate (任何物体都保持静止或匀速直线运动状态，直到作用在它上面的力迫使它改变这种状态为止). Supplementary explanation: 1. Newton’s first law — inertial law 1) The concept of Inertia(惯性): The mass is an intrinsic characteristic of a body, it characterizes the inertia of the body. 3) Inertial reference frames (IRF) (惯性参考系): An inertial frame is one in which Newton’s laws hold. 2) The force is the only reason which makes the states of body change. It indicates the concept of force: An interaction —–can cause an acceleration of a body. 2. Newton’s second law Unit and dimension: newton (N) 1N = 1kg · m/s2 [MLT-2] r t p F d d r = So in classical mechanics, it can be expressed as: where is momentum (动量) of body. 1. It is a law of force’s instantaneous interaction (瞬时作用规律). Force is the causes of motion. 2. It is only suitable for the inertial frame, and particles or particle-like bodies. To solve problems with it, a free-body diagram need to be drawn. 3. is the vector sum of all net external forces. Supplementary explanation: 5. The component forms of N-II Law: —– The acceleration component along a given axis is caused only by the sum of the force components along that same axis, and not by force components along any other axes (力的独力性原理或力的叠加原理）. 4. If several forces act on a body at the same time, the resultant force should be: 3. Newton’s third law Hey! The third-law force pair act on different bodies. Supplementary explanation: 1) Simultaneous; 2) Same type of force; 3) Acting on different bodies, do not cancel each other. A B 4-2. Some Particular Forces 1. The gravitational force (P134 85) Newton’s form of