Transliteration—音译题材.ppt

Transliteration 音译 Definition Generally，transliteration is the conversion of a text from one script to another. History of Chinese Transliteration Transcription(抄本） appeared early in ancient Chinese texts when the Han people interacted with foreigners such as the Xiongnu（匈奴）. Besides proper names, a small number of loanwords （外来语）in their transcribed forms found their way into Chinese during the Han Dynasty after Zhang Qians exploration of the Western Regions. Classifications Complete transliteration (纯音译) 1.words about unit of measurement?(计量单位)??? Complete transliteration (纯音译) 2. Names of some newly invented materials or products (especially at the very beginning ) vaseline凡士林 Complete transliteration (纯音译) ?3.?Many loanwords (外来词) ??? George?Bush?乔治.布什 Canada加拿大 The?Mississippi?密西西比河? (2) Combined sound and meaning (意音结合译) ①some words are translated mainly according to their sounds, and added with words that express their category ?T-shirt 体恤衫 Cartoon 卡通片 mouse 鼠标 ②Prefix+ Unit of measurement (由前缀加入计量单位构成复合词，计量单位采用音译)??? ?megavolt 百万伏特? microampere 微安培??? ?kilowatt 千瓦????? decibel分贝? ③Some compound words (某些复合词意音结合译)? ?radar-man雷达手?????valve-guide阀导? ④Some terms containing people’s names ：people’s names(sound)+the rest of the words (meaning) (有些由人名构成的术语，人名音译，其余部分意译)????? Ohm law欧姆定律???? ?Curie?point居里点??? ?? Morse?code莫尔斯电码?????Monel?metal蒙乃尔合金? Generally speaking， some words which are translated according to the sound may be replaced for not conveying the meaning. e.g：? ? combine康拜因→联合收割机??? ? laser莱塞→激光???? ? vitamin维他命→维生素?? ? penicillin盘尼西林→青霉素? NOTICE Homophones(同音异形异义词) abound（富于，充满） in Mandarin Chinese, so most English words have multiple possible transcriptions. Since there are many characters to choose from when transcribing a word, a translator can manipulate（操作，控制） the transcription to add additional