饮水温度对崂山奶山羊产奶性能的影响.docVIP

饮水温度对崂山奶山羊产奶性能的影响 　　摘要 为了研究在寒冷季节饮水温度对崂山奶山羊产奶量及主要乳成分的影响，给奶山羊饮用16、22、28 ℃的温水，以自然水温为对照，结果发现：奶山羊的饮水量和产奶量随水温升高而增加，从低到高其产奶量比CK组产奶量分别显著提高16.2%、18.4%、23.1%（P0.05）；随饮水温度升高，乳脂率和乳蛋白率整体呈现递减趋势，但22 ℃组高于16 ℃组和28 ℃组，建议在冬季寒冷季节给奶山羊饮用22 ℃温水为宜，既能保证产奶量又对乳品质影响较小。 　　关键词 崂山奶山羊；产奶量；乳成分；饮水温度 　　中图分类号 S827 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2015）08-0271-02 　　Abstract The aim of the experiment was to study the effect of drinking water temperature on the milk performance of Laoshan dairy goats in cold winter.Therefore，some late lactation Laoshan dairy goats which in the similar level of milk yield，weight，date of lambing，healthy lactation peak were selected in our experiments，and one?Cfactor completely random design had been adopted in these trials.With 5 ℃ water as the contrast，16、22、28 ℃ water were given for Laoshan dairy goats respectively.Some important results were as following：along with the increasing of water temperature，the milk output and the drinking amount increased.Compared with 5 ℃ group，the milk output of 16 ℃ group，22 ℃ group，28 ℃ group significantly increased by 16.2%、18.4%、23.1% respectively（P0.05）.On the whole，the butterfat content and milk protein rate decreased as water temperature rised，but the butterfat content and milk protein rate in 22 ℃ group were higher than that in 16 ℃ group and 28 ℃ group.We suggested giving Laoshan dairy goats warm water at the temperature of 22 ℃ in cold winter，so that we could get more milk and assure quality at the same time. 　　Key word Laoshan dairy goats；milk performance；milk composition；drinking water temperature 　　羊奶具有营养丰富、易于吸收、抗过敏、有益健康等特点，适合于绝大多数人群，是婴幼儿奶粉的重要原料，是世界营养学家一致公认的最接近人奶的乳品[1]。目前，国内鲜有关于通过控制环境因素提高山羊产奶量的研究。该文研究饮水温度对产奶性能的影响，旨在了解低温环境下饮水温度对奶山羊产奶量及主要乳成分的影响。 　　1 材料与方法 　　1.1 试验动物 　　试验于2013年11月20日至2014年1月7日在青岛市胶州奥特种羊场进行。选用体重为（52.65±5.60）kg（个体间体重无统计学差异）、胎次（2胎）、日产奶量、产羔日期相近、健康泌乳高峰期的崂山奶山羊母羊16只，每组4只分成A、B、C、D 4组，使每组的平均产奶量一致。A组为对照组（CK），水温是当时环境下的水温5 ℃；B、C、D 3组的饮水温度分别为16、22、28 ℃。试验前奶山羊产奶量无差异（P0.05）。 　　1.2 日粮组成及饲养管理 　　奶山羊的饲料由全株青贮、颗粒饲料、苹果渣、酒糟、花生秧、干草（