Conversion of Parts of Speech in English―Chinese Translation.docVIP

Conversion of Parts of Speech in English―Chinese Translation 　　0 Introduction 　　Translation is a language activity， which involves two languages and a variety of knowledge. It is the ideological content， feelings and style of a language expressed and reproduced by another language. There are many differences between two different languages， such as vocabulary， grammar structure and so on. Words can be classified as follows： nouns， verbs， adjectives， adverbs， pronouns， prepositions， conjunctions， etc. According to this， parts of speech are the core content of the traditional grammar. Different languages have different standards to distinguish part of speech. Nouns， verbs， adjectives， adverbs have complex systems of endings and vowel changes or both. When we translate between these languages， we commonly use conversion of parts of speech to make the translation more standard and idiomatic. 　　1 Chapter Two Translation and Conversion of Parts of Speech 　　1.1 About the Translation and Conversion of Parts of Speech 　　It is not so easy to define translation as a skill or a state， a science or an art. It is understood as a linguistic phenomenon， as an operation performed on language. This operation is seen as a process of translating between source language and target language. Unfortunately， languages are not so simple， and difficulties may also arise when there are no equivalent parts of speech. Each language has its own special structure. Word-for-word correspondences do not exist in the process of translation. The reasons are as follows： 　　1）Many words have more than one meaning； 　　2）Many words are culture-bound and have no direct equivalents； 　　3）Cultural orientations can render a direct translation nonsensical； 　　4）A cultural may not have the background and understanding to translate experiences specific to other cultures. 　　1.2 Four Kinds of Adjustments 　　“Translation aims primarily at reproducing the massage. To do anything else is essentially false t