第八章冠词.docVIP

第八章 冠词 一、不定冠词a/an的基本用法 1．不定冠词a/an，当紧跟着冠词的第一个音素为辅音音素（注意：不是辅音字母）时用a;当紧跟着冠词的第一个音素为元音音素（注意：不是元音字母）时用an。如： A university,a useful book,a one-eye dog,a European car,an hour,an honest boy,an x-ray,an ugly man,an honour等。 2.表示one,the same,a certain,every的意思。如： They are of an age.(=the same) I will return in a day or two.(=one or two days) Hi,John.A Mr.Smith is waiting for you.(=a certain) [注意:a+姓用于表示“…一个人”] 3. 不定冠词的特殊位置 1）“so/as/too/how/however+adj+a/an+单数名词”。如： ①However clever a man is,he can’t learn English well without enough practice. ②Her father was as goog a fellow as ever lived.她父亲是一个再正直不过的人啦。 ③This is so interesting a film that we all want to see it. 2)rather,quite修饰的名词短语中，不定冠词的位置比较灵活。如： A quite/rather cosy day或quite/rather a cosy day或quite/rather cosy a day“相当/非常温暖舒适的一天”。 注意：名词前没有形容词修饰时，不定冠词只能置于quite后。如： Quite an effort很大努力；quite a time很长一段时间 3）“no/much/far/all+形容词比较级+a+单数可数名词”。 The tutor was no better a scholar than a fifth grade boy.这位家教并不比五年级学生强多少。 He is far more a clever boy. 4)what/such/half+a/an+单数名词 Many a+单数名词:很多 Not a/an +单数名词:不止一个 三、定冠词的基本用法 1.用在表示特指的人或物的名词前，尤其指上文提到过的（第二次提到的人或物的名词）或谈话双方都明确的人或物，也指上文未提到，但谈话双方都知道的人或物。如： The book on the desk is mine. Would you mind turning down the radio a little?The baby is sleeping. 2.用在表示世界上独一无二的事物或被认为是唯一东西的名词前，但当这些名词前有描述性定语时，可用不定冠词。 The sun is shining brightly. The universe The world A blue sky A new moon 3.用在形容词或副词最高级以及序数词前。 Eg:He was first to speak against slavery. He is the tallest one in our class. He runs (the)fastest in his class. 4.定冠词的特殊位置：在名词词组前，定冠词一般放在最前面，但名词词组中如果有exactly,just,half,double,twice,all,both等修饰时，定冠词要放在这些词的后面。如： Exactly the same color Just the right place Half the story Double the amount 四、零冠词的用法 1.不可数名词、复数名词表泛指，用零冠词。如： Father went to his doctor for advice about his heart trouble. Horses are useful animals. 2.名词前已有this,that,my,your,some,each,no,any,kind of,type of等指示代词、不定代词以及名词所有格等限定词作定语时不用冠词。如： She is not my type of woman. His heart was beating wildly with fear. He went to some place in