植物生理学总复习讲解.doc

Chapter 1 Water Relationship in Plant 26+3 一、Term translation and definition： 1.Water potential Ψw 水势 每偏摩尔体积水的化学势差。水势反应了植物系统中化学反应以及运动的能力。 Water potential is defined as the difference in free energy per unit volume, between metrically-bound, pressurized, or osmotically-constrained water and pure water. Ψw reflects the capacity for chemical reaction and movement in plant system 2.Apoplast and symplast 质外体和共质体 质外体是指原生质之外的结构部分及空间，包括细胞壁、细胞间隙和木质部的导管等无生活物质的各个部分。 共质体是指活细胞内的原生质体通过细胞与细胞间的胞间连丝互相连接成的一个连续的结构。 A continuous system consists of cell wall, cell space interplace and vessel of xylem, except protoplast, considered as a non-life part in the plant. A continuous system consists of protoplast, plasmodesma and plasmic membrane, considered as a life part except apolast. 3.Free water and bound water 自由水和束缚水 靠近胶粒而被胶粒吸附不易移动的水分称为束缚水；距离胶粒较远而可以自由移动的水分称为自由水。其实这两种水分状态的划分是相对的，它们之间没有绝对的界限，只是物理性质有所不同。自由水参与各种代谢作用，作为溶剂易凝固，而束缚水则不参与。【定义+相对+作用】 Free water: It does not bind to components of cell tightly and moves freely in the plant. Special characters: participate in metabolism, take as solvent and easily freeze 。 bound water：It binds to components of cell tightly and does not move freely in the plant. Special characters: do not participate in metabolism, do not take as solvent and do not easily freeze 。 4.Bleeding and guttation 伤流和吐水 吐水：没有受伤的植物如果处于土壤水分充足、大气温度和湿度较高的环境中，在蒸腾作用大为减弱以至停止的环境中，叶尖或叶缘分泌液体的现象。 伤流：如将生长旺盛的植物，从地面切断，可见到有汁液从残茎的切口溢出，这种现象。 Bleeding: a phenomena that the sap flows out from the wounded part. It is caused by root pressure. Guttation: when soil has enough water and atmosphere is warm and higher RH, often in the early mourning, unwounded leaf can secret sap from tip or margin of leaf. It is an index for health seedlings. 5.Root pressure 根压 由于根系的生理活动使液流从根部沿木质部的导管上升的压力。根压的大小取决于跟生理活动的强弱。 Root pressure is a power which pushed water to mount along vessel, depending on physiological activity of root.0.1-0.2MPa, much or less depending on stronger or weaker physiological act