基于单片机的多功能电子万年历设计-翻译.docVIP

外文文献资料 收集：苏州大学 应用技术学院 11电子班（学号111座机电话号码）徐陆柳 Calendar conversion for real-time systems 1. Introduction Time keeping is a vital part of many real-time systems and is used for two kinds of applications: In the first, the interval time between the events is important. In the second, the absolute value of time calendar time is required. For example, a monitoring and control system should report any Malfunction with the exact date and time. If the system is based on a computer, then it is possible to get the date and time from the operating system. This, however, is not the case for systems based on microcontrollers. In these situations, the designer needs to build an electronic calendar into the system. One efficient way to implement an electronic calendar is to choose a variable and increase it every second. The date and time can calculated from this variable, if the start time is known. The number of seconds in 1 year is 60 × 60 × 24 × 365 ＝31,536,000. The number of bits needed to store this number is equal to log2 31,536,000 ＝24.91. This means that at least 4 bytes should be dedicated to calculate the number of seconds in 1 year.With 4 bytes, however, it is possible to count up to 232. If this number is divided to the number of seconds in 1 year, the result will be 232/座机电话号码 ≡136.19. So with 4 bytes the number of seconds in 136 years can be stored. In a program that runs on a real-time system, it is possible to choose a specific moment that occurred several years before as the reference time. Then at the beginning of the program, or in the set up mode, the number of seconds since the reference time can be stored in the time variable and the system can work for more than one century. In the following, the fundamental bases of the various types of calendar are given and the issue of converting the date to seconds and vice-versa in the Gregorian and Khayyami calendars are investigated. 2. Astronomical bases of calendars A calendar is a system for organizing units of