结构转型、科技创新与“改革红利悖论”.docVIP

结构转型、科技创新与“改革红利悖论” 　　摘要：利用1978～2012年数据，通过贝叶斯分位数方法实证检验了我国结构转型、科技创新能否缩减城乡收入差距这一命题。结果表明：结构转型、科技创新都显著拉大城乡收入差距，科技创新对城乡收入差距的影响大于结构转型，且科技创新加剧了收入差距扩大的速度，而结构转型导致收入差距扩大的速度变缓。这主要与我国产业结构发展不平衡以及城乡间科技差异过大有关。 　　关键词：结构转型;科技创新;城乡收入差距;贝叶斯分位数 　　DOI：10.13956/j.ss.1001-8409.2015.01.09 　　中图分类号：F061.5;F224.9 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1001-8409（2015）01-0037-05 　　Structural Transformation， Technology Innovation and 　　“Reform Dividends Paradox” 　　――Based on Income Gap between Urban and Rural Residents Empirical Test 　　XIE Ting-ting1，SI Deng-kui 2，HEN Wen-xin1 　　（1.Groups Financial Development Research Center，ShiHezi University， Wujiaqu 831300; 　　2.School of Business， Ocean University of China， Qingdao 266100） 　　Abstract：This paper empirically tests whether structural transformation and technology innovation will reduce the income gap between urban and rural residents with Bayesian quantile model in the period of 1978 to 2012.The results show that structural transformation and technology innovation have positive impact on income gap between urban and rural residents， but the degree of impact has difference between structural transformation and technology innovation， the specific results are that the impact of technology on income gap between urban and rural residents is larger than structural transformation， and the speed of income gap is decreasing under structural transformation， but the speed of income gap is increasing under technology innovation.The results are mainly related to industrial structure uneven development and science difference too large between urban and rural areas. 　　Key words：structural transformation;technology innovation;income gap between urban and rural residents;Bayesian quantile 　　1 引言 　　我国实行改革开放发展30多年来，经济发展模式经历了长期高度集中的计划经济、严格的户籍管理制度和以大城市为依托的工业化道路，不能带动农村劳动力就业结构的变化和居民居住方式的变迁，造成经济增长的引擎作用不明显，农村剩余劳动力向城市的自由流动严重受阻，得不到有效转移，使我国二元经济结构愈加强化。从微观层面而言，偏离农业现代化目标与农村发展差距不断扩大，造成中国特色的现代化进程的“三农”问题，严重影响了农民的利益。同时，大量农村剩余劳动力在向城市流动的过程中，由于农民工未能获得居住城市的户籍，并未真正融入城市，造成劳动力市场被分割，城乡公共服务体系不统