移民背景下的重庆三峡库区乡村聚落空间演变分析.docVIP

移民背景下的重庆三峡库区乡村聚落空间演变分析 摘要：近10多年来，随着经济社会进步，重庆三峡库区乡村聚落空间变化明显，其中持续的移民迁移是库区乡村聚落空间演变的重要推动力。表现为：三峡水库淹没移民促使乡村聚落后靠上移；三峡库区生态移民驱动乡村聚落空间整合并趋向相对集中；三峡库区高山扶贫移民推动乡村聚落空间下移并趋向适度集中。移民驱动下的乡村聚落空间演变，一方面促进区域经济发展、城乡融合加深、生态环境改善，另一方面也造成局部人地关系紧张、产业结构失衡、聚落空废现象严重、传统文化特色消失等问题。 关键词：移民；乡村聚落；空间演变；重庆三峡库区 中图分类号：D632．4文献标识码：Ａ文章编号：0439－８114（２０14）08－1955-04 The Evolution of Rural Settlement Space in Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Chongqing under the Background of Immigrants FENG Min， LI Xiao-kun （Institute of geography and tourism， Chongqing Normal University， Chongqing 400047， China） Abstract: With economic and social progress over the past decade， rural settlement spatial evolution was obvious in Chongqing Three Gorges reservoir area. The sustained emigration was an important driving force for rural settlement spatial evolution. Rural settlement space was leaned back and moved up by the immigrants of Three Gorges reservoir inundation area. The ecological migrants in three Gorges project area drove rural settlement space consolidation and relative concentration. Alpine poor migrants in Three Gorges Reservoir area promoted the rural settlements space moving down and tending to moderate concentration. Spatial evolution of rural settlements promote regional economic development， urban-rural integration deepening， improvement of ecological environment on the one hand， it also caused tension between the local people and land， imbalance of industrial structure on the other hand. Habitat empty waste was serious. Traditional culture characteristics disappeared. Key words: immigration; rural settlements; spatial evolution; Chongqing Three Gorges Reservoir Area 乡村聚落是乡村人口居住和生产生活的场所，是乡村地域空间的人口聚居点，每个乡村聚落都有自身的起源、发展历史、地理条件、形态结构及职能特点［1］。受到自然条件和乡村社会、经济、文化等因素影响呈现不同的空间演变特征［2］。国外对乡村聚落空间演变的研究经历了一般描述、统计描述、统计分类等几个阶段，目前研究主要集中在运用 GIS 手段分析乡村聚落的类型以及演变特征［3］，如罗伯茨（Roberts）选取农业村落、矿区村落和牧业村落3种类型，从不同时间段、自然环境、村落规模、文化背景和人们的景观感知差异阐述了村落的演变历程［4］。中国乡村聚落空间演变研究起步晚于国外，研究内容主要集中在乡村聚落空间演变的过程及其驱动因子研究方面［5］，研究区域涵盖了沿海平原、西部山区、黄土高原等多个区域［6，7］，但针对重庆三峡库区特