介词学案.docVIP

介词（Preposition） 学习目标 1 了解常用介词和介词短语的用法。 2 学会正确使用不同的介词与动词的搭配。 创设情境 介词在英语学习中是个难点和重点。有时它可以表示本身的意思，有时和其他词构成介词短语的固定搭配，意思就发生了很大的变化。希望同学们认真阅读并了解介词的用法。 读书指导 概述 介词，是一种虚词，用来表示句子中词与词之间的关系。介词不能单独使用，只有在加上宾语构成介词短语时，才能在句子里充当语法成分。 常用介词的分类 简单介词：about, behind, down, on, towards, above, below, except, opposite, under, along, beside, for, over, until, among, besides, from, around, up, after, between, in, since, with, as, like, though, before, at, by, near, till, despite, off, to… 合成介词：inside, into, onto, outside, throughout, upon, within, without… 短语介词：according to, ahead of, apart from, as for, as to, but for, because of, due to, except for, in front of, instead of, in spite of, owing to, with regard to… 分词介词：concerning, including, regarding, respecting… 介词短语的构成 介词短语由介词+宾语构成。介词宾语一般是名词，或与其相应的词（包括代词或动名词等）。需要注意的是，代词作介词宾语时要用宾格。例如： He fought for his country. She is waiting for me. They succeeded in escaping. 介词宾语有时也可以是一个由what, when, how, whether等疑问词引导的从句或“疑问词+不定式”的结构。例如： I’m very interested in what you told me. He is thinking of how to organize the trip well. 几组介词的比较 表示时间的介词： at表示时间的一点，即“时点”。例如：at 4:30 （noon, dawn, midnight…） on表示日期及某天的上午，下午，晚上等。例如： on Sunday（Oct. 1…） on Sunday afternoon in表示： （1）“时段”“时期”。例如：in 1987（December, the 19th century…） （2）“（若干时间）以后”，常用作谓语是将来时态的时间状语。例如： The meeting will end in 30 minutes. after表示“在（某具体时间）以后”。例如：after supper（5 o’ clock, the war, 1970…） for表示“（动作延续）若干时间”，常用“how long”提问。例如： I stayed in London for two days on my way to New York. since表示“自（某具体时间）以来”，常作完成时态谓语的时间状语。例如：since 1950 Exercise1： 1. These flowers will bloom _______ a few days. 2. The meeting will begin _______ six o’clock sharp. 3. He learnt English_______3 months and now he can speak it fluently. 4. He learnt English _______ 3 months but he still can’t speak it. 5. They talked on _______one o’ clock _______the morning. 6. It has been raining _______last Saturday. 7. Our time-table will be altered _______the first of May. 8. Your composition should have been handed in _______December