IYPT比赛项目.docVIP

Problem No. 1 ?Invent yourself? It is more difficult to bend a paper sheet, if it is folded ?accordion style? or rolled into a tube. Using a single A4 sheet and a small amount of glue, if required, construct a bridge spanning a gap of 280 mm. Introduce parameters to describe the strength of your bridge, and optimise some or all of them. 问题一：你自己的创造 使纸张弯曲是一件很困难的事情，如果它被折叠成“手风琴的样式”或者被卷成一个管子。使用单页A4纸和少量的胶水，如果它需要，构造一个桥梁跨度280mm缺口，引进参数去描述你桥梁的承受力，同时优化它们。 Problem No. 2 “Elastic space” The dynamics and apparent interactions of massive balls rolling on a stretched horizontal membrane are often used to illustrate gravitation. Investigate the system further. Is it possible to define and measure the apparent “gravitational constant” in such a “world”? 问题二：有弹性的空间 从固定在水平方向的羊皮纸上滚下的巨大的球的动力学和表面上的相互作用经常被使用去显示重力，深层次的调查这个系统，它是否能够定义并测量这个明显的在这个世界上存在的万有引力常量 Problem No. 3 ?Bouncing ball? If you hold a Ping-Pong ball above the ground and release it, it bounces. The nature of the collision changes if the ball contains liquid. Investigate how the nature of the collision depends on amount of liquid inside the ball and other relevant parameters. 问题三：跳跃的小球 如果你在地面上方抓住一个乒乓球，释放它，如果它跳跃，当球里有液体存在的时候这个碰撞的本质会发生改变，调查碰撞的本质如何取决于内部液体的量和其他的一些相关参数。 Problem No. 4 “Soliton” A chain of similar pendula is mounted equidistantly along a horizontal axis, with adjacent pendula being connected with light strings. Each pendulum can rotate about the axis but can not move sideways (see figure). Investigate the propagation of a deflection along such a chain. What is the speed for a solitary wave, when each pendulum undergoes an entire 360o revolution? 问题四：孤波 一个相似的翻车机被水平的安装在坐标横轴， 调查沿着这个链传播的一个偏向，什么是孤立波的速度，当每一个摆锤经过整个360度的旋转时。 Problem No. 5 “Levitation” A light ball (e.g. a Ping-Pong ball) can be supported on an upward airstream. The airstream can be tilted yet still support the ball. Investigate the effect and optimise the system to produce the maximum angle of tilt that results in a stable ball position 问题五：漂浮 一个轻球，（例如一个乒乓球）可以被