社会心理学78957.pptVIP

群体影响 Social Facilitation 社会助长作用 The presence of others 纯粹他人在场 Crowding: The presence of many others 拥挤现象：众多他人在场 Why are we aroused in the presence of others 为什么我们会因他人在场而被唤起? Evaluation apprehension 评价顾忌 Driven by distraction 分心 Mere presence 纯粹在场 Social Facilitation 社会助长 Social Facilitation: People sometimes perform better in the presence of others than when they are alone 社会促进或助长：在有他人在场时，人们可能会比独自一个人的情况下表现得更好，这称为社会助长 Social facilitation occurs: 社会助长发生在 Whether others are performing the same task, or whether the others are merely observers 无论在场的其他人做相同的工作，还是仅作为观察者 In many species others than humans 不限于人类，其它种种也存在社会助长 Social Inhibition 社会抑制 Social inhibition occurs when the presence of others inhibits a person’s performance. 社会抑制是指他人的存在有时候会抑制个体的绩效 Reference book: Taylor, et al. 2005 , Chapter 10. Zajonc’s Theory Zajonc 的理论 Zajonc’s theory: Presence of others 他人的存在 Arousal 唤醒 Dominant Response 主导反应 If dominant response correct, SOCIAL FACILITATION 主导反应正确， 社会促进或助长 If dominant response wrong, SOCIAL INHIBITION 主导反应错误， 社会抑制 Social Facilitations vs. Social Inhibition 社会助长VS.社会抑制 Why does the presence of others motivate us 为什么他人的存在会激发我们的动机 Innate tendency for arousal in the presence of others 他人在场会提高唤醒水平是先天的倾向 Evaluation Apprehension 评估焦虑 Distraction-Conflict 干扰 –冲突 Presence of others evokes challenge reaction when resources are sufficient, threat responses when insufficient. 当资源充足时，他人在场引起挑战反应；资源不足时，产生威胁反应 Social Facilitations vs. Social Inhibition 社会助长VS.社会抑制 Social facilitation and inhibition occur when a person’s performance is individually identifiable 当个体的行为是可识别的，会发生社会促进或社会抑制 Reference book: Taylor, et al. 2005 , Chapter 10. Social Loafing 社会懈怠 Many hands make light work 人多，少出力 Individuals commit less effort when they work together with others. Social loafing in everyday life 日常生活中的社会懈怠 Deindividuation 去个人化 Doing together what we would not do alone 一起做一些我们单独一个人时不会做的事 Group size 群体规模 Physical anonymi