上海地区冬季住宅室内外颗粒物浓度的相关性.docVIP

上海地区冬季住宅室内外颗粒物浓度的相关性 　　摘要：对上海市某住宅建筑室内外PM10、PM2.5、PM1的浓度进行了测量，研究了最小通风量（外门窗关闭）条件下3种天气时颗粒浓度随时间变化的规律以及相关性，分析了颗粒物浓度与环境温湿度参数之间的关系。研究结果显示，测试期间，室内外空气中细颗粒（PM 2.5）占可吸入颗粒（PM 10）浓度比例分别达65%和87%以上；无明显室内源时，I/O比值小于1且随粒径减小而减小；室内外颗粒浓度相关性与粒径大小有关系，PM1、PM2.5的浓度相关性大于PM10。研究还表明，颗粒物浓度的关联性与天气状况有关系，多云、雨天和阴天时浓度关联性有显著差别；颗粒物的浓度受到室内外温湿度的影响，且受天气状况影响而呈现复杂性。 　　关键词：住宅建筑；空气污染；颗粒物；温湿度；相关性 　　中图分类号：TU834.6 　　文献标志码：A 　　文章编号2014 　　Abstract：In this study， the concentrations of PM10， PM2.5 and PM1 in a residential building in Shanghai were measured under minimum ventilation rate （external doors and windows closed）， and the relationship between the indoor and outdoor PM concentrations （I/O ratio） and the influence of temperature and relative humidity were analyzed as well. Results showed that， the percentages of the concentrations of fine particles （PM2.5） of the indoor and outdoor air were 65% and 87% of the inhalable particulate（PM10）concentration during the test respectively. The I/O ratio was less than 1 without significant indoor sources. Meanwhile， the figure decreased as the size of particles decreased. Results also indicated that， the correlation between indoor and outdoor PM concentrations， PM1 and PM2.5 were more obvious than PM10， and the correlations showed obvious differences according to the weather conditions.The PM concentration was influenced by temperature and relative humidity， which was presented to be complex when affected by weather conditions. 　　Key words：residential building； air pollution； particulate matter； temperature and relative humidity； correlation 　　流行病学研究表明，人体死亡率和发病率的增长与颗粒物（Particulate Matter，PM）暴露有显著性关系[14]。室外颗粒物可通过通风和渗透的方式进入室内[57]，使得室内外颗粒物存在相关性。现代社会中，人们有大约90%的时间在室内度过[8]，室内空气品质越来越受到关注，研究颗粒物室内外相关性成为近年来暴露研究的重点，不仅可以评估室内外颗粒物的浓度水平，还可以反映影响室内颗粒浓度变化的来源。 　　目前，虽然一些学者对颗粒物的室内外相关性研究进行了研究[5， 911]，但针对颗粒物浓度与天气条件关系的研究则较少。上海是一个人口稠密的城市，其气候、建筑结构等都有自己的特点，因此有必要对该地室内外颗粒物浓度的关联性及其与天气条件的关系进行研究，了解人体在室内外颗粒物中的暴露情况。 　　笔者对无明显室内污染源条件下的某住宅室内外颗粒物浓度的关系进行了研究，并针对不同天气类型对颗粒物关联性的影