不相连约化密度矩阵剖析.doc

Abstract – We show that spin and fermion representations for solvable quantum chains lead in general to different reduced density matrices if the subsystem is not singly connected. We study the effect for two sites in XX and XY chains as well as for sublattices in XX and transverse Ising chains. 如果子系统不是单连接，量子链一般会导致不同的约化密度矩阵。我们表明自旋和费米子就为解决此问题。我们研究自旋和费米子在XX和XY链系统中以及XX和带横向磁场Ising链的效果。 The investigation of entanglement features in many-body quantum systems has been a topic of intense research in recent years [1] 多体量子系统的纠缠特性的研究，近年来一直是深入研究的话题[1] . In such studies, one divides the system into two parts in space and asks how these are coupled in the quantum state. 在这些研究中，其中一个将系统在空间上划分为两个部分，并问它们的量子态是如何耦合的。This can be answered from the reduced density matrix (RDM) for one of the subsystems. 任一子系统密度矩阵（RDM）可以回答此问题。For a number of solvable lattice models, these density matrices can be found exactly [2] and their spectra determine the entanglement entropy which is a simple measure of the coupling. 对于一些可解格点模型，可以发现密度矩阵[2]确定纠缠熵这是一个简单的方法In the ground state of typical systems with short-range interactions, it is connected with the interface between the two parts and proportional to its extent, although there are corrections to this “area law” for fermions [3,4] 在有短程相互作用的典型系统的基态中，连接它和两部分??其在其范围成正比的接口，虽然对费米子系统，这种“面积定理”需要一定修正[3,4] Commonly, one divides the system into two parts which are singly connected, and most results were obtained for this geometry. 通常，将系统划分为单联接的两部分，这种几何形状大多数的结果。However, there are a number of studies which treat multiply connected subsystems. These were investigated in one dimension for free fermions and bosons within a continuum approach [5,6] and for conformally invariant systems [4,7]. 但是，也有一些处理多重子系统相连接的研究。在一个维度对在连续方式内的游离费米子和玻色子[5,6]和共形不变的系统[4,7]研究多重子系统。On a lattice, spin chains have been treated where the subsystem consisted of many single spins separated by a certain number of sites [8],of two blocks of spins, again separated [9,10], and of a whole sublattice